Gender: Male
Status: Single
Age: 49
Sign: Gemini
City: HIALEAH
State: Florida
Country: US
Signup Date: 11/4/2008
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September 21, 2009 - Monday
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Current mood:  happy
Category: MySpace
lookign to barack obama...
letter to............
hello and good afternoon I am speaking to you, Mr. President Barack Obama because I think you're an honest person and... just my suggestion, invention Hydroelectric generation ...is like a reverse lottery volet of a dollar and a time to go and buy it without knowing it and finally have the winning ticket ...... would appreciate your support so that you can take it just for the benefit of all families and those in need with an energy reform across the country think there is much at stake and nothing to lose with only his authority to check my energy proposals that do not think I published for the reason that it is very easy to copy to can be analyzed and then produce and copied only to do business and economic desirability of a few individuals or companies and not the main purpose for the benefit of all familes'm 90% convinced that You can do with all the technology already exists. hydropower my proposal but a new form of production that does not exist a review if you accept my proposal I'd like to know yourself and know who are the people to send my proposal for experts to make an informed decision can be take place in the near future energy proposals throughout this country ..... and tried to convey my proposal by many agencies and units and their government, but only 2 or 3 suggestions RECEIVED ..... future generations in the future will thank you for having taken a right decision ...... if this proposal will take place and I am confident that you will put the benefit of people with an energy reform across the country ...... and in a future world to help the most needy do not think I'm a person who wants to make a joke or someone who will do just wasting your time if you like this project may realize with just his authority for a review with experts and people you trust to await their personal response as each passing day the country is losing millions in energy saving and pollution moves around the world thanks and god guide you in making good decisions for the good of the ee.uu and the world...thankz atte ... elicontact to my email: eli.com1@yahoo.es
think that in this blog ... this complete information on my energy proposals but only know the hare President Barack Obama or people who receive support............... I was thinking that this is only an idea but most depend on their trust and support so they can become reality for the benefit of all families in the country ........ I would like to pay only 50% of electricity from your home in the not too distant future also whether Recidencial sector, commercial and industrial country government agencies would be more benefit ... Dept. of Defense, pentagano, air force, naval and military force, NASA and the Department of Energy. since it could create its own sources of energy in almost any place with my new form of energy. LOOKING FOR THE SUPPORT OF ALL PERSONS TO READ THIS MESSAGE TO GET THIS PROPOSAL TO MAKE ENERGY TO BARACK OBAMA FOR PRESIDENT
hello good afternoon I am writing personally to the following would you like your ----------------- outside the official sponsor of my proposal to the government personal project I President Barack Obama to present this proposal . hydropower generation, renewable and pollution-free because their support could be the people driving this new form of energy for the benefit of the whole country and in the not too distant future the world if there were to make this proposal. first in use .. My proposal is personal and because people like you who think the future of others like me resived support so she could be performed to the benefit of all the famlies and not just to do business for a few accounts because I believe people the president is a fair person and will know cinsere and take a right decision for this purpose and put first the interest of all
families of the country does not need to invest thousands of dollars for this proposal only for resived energetic support I need only three easy steps
1: interview with an expert and engineer in its total hydroelectric power Confians to present my proposal and complete the drafting of a mini project to bring it to the president or government
2: an interactive designer to present this project for visual understanding
3: do reach the president personally
Inmagine the benefit resiv home their family and future children and grandchildren all people in the country by paying only 50% of electricity in the not too distant tamvien in industrial, commercial and residential since my proposal generation would be cheaper and selling the Electrician resived so it's urgent support staff to deliver this project proposal backed uo the expert and engineer in hydraulic power as each day passes we are losing millions in energy savings throughout the country and all this would be possible with a check energy reform by the president or Congress ... I think you think I am a person who want to make a joke or that it should be a public person or an expert importatnte electricity and water engineering or Private Investor FAQ rich but let me repeat the words of President Barack Obama I
open to all ideas, whether a Republican or Democrat or a vegetarian. thanks for your understanding and support good day. I hope your understanding and support through
PART OF MY MY PROPOSAL, INVENTION, ELECTRICITY GENERATION PROJECT HYDROELECTRIC ENERGY RENOBABLE and unpolluted
1: source of electrical storage and distrivucion
electricity supply system
2: HYDROPOWER PLTAFORMA ..............................
platform consists of 3 levels
1: level: control units control electromechanical power and turbine power generator, excitation system and regulator of velocidad.control automatic entry gate agua.control pumps out water, transformers
2: level of staff quarters main hall lodging command and control system and emergency power lounge and recreational space holds store
3: Emergency and platform level landig Helicopters for transport of personnel and material
MY SOURCE OF ENERGY
HERE ... MORE DETAILS TOP SECRET
electricity. Water enters the machine room, where are the turbine and generator. The water turns the turbines and continuing down the turbine rotates and produces rotational energy. different types of turbines that can be used in the hydroelectric plant. The most common is the Francis turbine in the shape of a spiral. The energy of rotation is the axis and continues to the alternator. A generator transforms the rotational energy to electricity with the power of magnets. In an alternator, the mechanical energy turns a rotating inductor and a voltage to form an armature. This tension produces electricity. The electricity will enter the substation and transmission lines and electric power enters the transmission of electricity.
GENERAL INFORMATION AND ENERGY
Floor transformers and generators local control rooms of ventilación.Galería .. cables.Servicio System Auxiliary compuertas.automaticas drop of 150 m in gross drop that drives the operation of the turbines. At the top main outlets are located where the water begins its descent down the spiral pipe to the box, distributor to actuate and rotate the turbine wheel. a high maximum of 200 meters,
would control room equipment for electricity generation,
scroll case, turbine, generator, excitation system and regulator of water intake velocidad.incluyendo, pressure pipes, coil box, turbine, generator, Central Control Room, Dispatch Board and Halls local control. The tension generated by the current transformers monofásicos.La rotation of the turbine, driven by flowing water turns the rotor of the generator, whose magnetic fields, by moving against the stator coils, producing electrical energy.
electricity generation
installed capacity of 15,000 megawatts (MW). with 20 turbines ...
Turbine is the generic name given to the majority of motor turbomachinery. These are machines fluid, through which passes a fluid on a continuous basis and this gives him his power through an impeller with vanes or turbines álabes.Las consist of one or two paddle wheels, called rotor and stator, with the first field, driven by the fluid drag the axis on which we obtain the rotational motion.
The term also tended turbine, being the main component, the set of several turbines connected to a generator to obtain electricity. Francis. generating units, each with a capacity of 700 MW
Average annual generation of 100 million megawatt hours (MWh) per year,
with my energy proposals __________ each state of the country would have its own source of energy for distrivucion generation and consumption. residencial.industrial and trade throughout the country total 26 energy-producing plants .........
build more oil rigs entail much time and billions of dollars in investment over environmental pollution and its side repercuciones and economic loss rather than seek and exploit the seabed oil or other energy sources with energy proposals would build my generation sources hydroelectric with my new form of production
According to Energy Department figures U.S. over 85% of the energy consumed in this country is produced by the oil industry.
1: Costs of ubicasion the oil well, drilling of marine and
prosesamiento petroleum extraction, refining and distrivusion
Number of wells in the world / There are over 500,000.
NOTE: The United States of America is the world leader in exploration and exploitation of deep wells in the world with the construction and commissioning of 100 oil wells per year, with a cost per well from 70 to 150 million dollars per well.
NOTE: The platforms for deep water exploration are renting au $ s 600,000 daily, and oil companies are paying u $ s 130,000 per day for support vessels to underwater activity, and u $ s 300,000 per day of ship maneuvering and positioning anchor ..
NOTE: The construction of an offshore platform is a bit different from a conventional offshore platform, the construction and transfer is similar, it is assembled on the coast and is moving through a barge called the "Shawl", using cranes high tonnage (25,000 tons approx.), at a cost of 2 million dollars / day, totaling 900 million dollars per project uses a floating platform or semi-submersible with a high degree of automation, production capacity and operability in adverse situations or precarious.
NOTE: international production companies are required to continue drilling deepwater wells costing up to U.S. $ 200 million each, due to contracts signed when oil was worth more than $ 140 a barrel.
NOTE: It is estimated that the cancellation of a rental of $ 600,000 per day with 12 months can cost $ 219 million in penalties ... the oil industry profits have fallen because oil prices have fallen but the cost of rigs and other equipment remains more or less at historic highs, said David Foley, who helps manage U.S. $ 2,000 million in Estabrook Capital Management in New York.
The demand for platforms whose tenancy may cost more than U.S. $ 600,000 per day has not declined following the collapse in oil prices seen since last July
NOTE: A preliminary estimate indicates that 100 wells required at a cost of $ 50,000 to $ 100,000 million. Drilling of first well took more than a year at a cost of $ 240 million. Currently, an equivalent well in 60 days, at a cost of $ 60 million.
NOTE: To exploit this new source of oil, has embarked on the project more expensive and complex history. The state company will spend up to U.S. $ 15.000 billion on a vast network of pipelines, oil treatment facilities, horizontal wells and water injection systems. The company calls it "one of the largest industrial projects being carried out in the world today."
4: source damage and weather effects ... petroleo
Air pollution ............
NOTE: The oil and coal as energy source used in large quantities, can also produce sulfur and nitrogen oxides and sulfur dioxide emitted by factories, power plants and vehicles that burn coal or petroleum products. In interaction with water vapor, these gases form sulfuric and nitric acids. Finally, these chemicals rise into the atmosphere form a cloud and fall to earth after accompanying the precipitation, forming acid rain
NOTE: Smog is a problem in a large number of cities and continues to harm human health. Sulfur dioxide, nitrogen dioxide and carbon monoxide are especially harmful for seniors, children and people with heart or lung problems like emphysema, bronchitis and asthma. It can inflame the airways, reducing the working capacity of the lungs. Cause shortness of breath and pain when you breathe heavily, coughing and wheezing and airway. It also causes irritation in the eyes and nose, and dry mucous membranes, protective of the nose and throat, interfering with the body's ability to fight disease and therefore increasing the susceptibility to enfermedades.cargado harmful components for all living beings and materiales.Surge various reactions of nitrogen oxides, hydrocarbons and oxygen with the
energy from solar ultraviolet radiation. Major exhibitions depression, headaches, dizziness and nausea ........... carcinogenic to humans frequency of leukemia, pregnant, benzene accumulates in the blood supply to the fetus
Soil contamination ...
NOTE: The oil contains thousands of different chemical compounds that vary depending on the source of it. Most compounds found in petroleum are hydrocarbons, they amount to between 50% and 98% of the composition. Encuentranconcentraciones variables also heavy metals such as vanadium, nickel, copper and iron. Other important but lesser constituents are sulfur, nitrogen and oxígeno.La Soil contamination is the presence of chemical compounds made by man or other alteration to the natural soil environment. Such contamination usually occurs when a breakdown occurs underground storage tanks, pesticide application, seepage from landfills or direct accumulation of industrial products. The most common chemicals including petroleum hydrocarbons, solvents, pesticides and other heavy metals. This phenomenon is
closely related to the degree of industrialization and intensity of use of chemicals. Regarding soil contamination risk is primarily their health, directly and in contact with potable water sources. The delineation of contaminated areas and the resulting cleanup tasks that are time and money consuming, requiring extensive skills in geology, hydrography, chemistry and computer models.
Water pollution ...
NOTE: Contamination With Petróleo Los accidents involving tankers, leaks at sea (oil escaping from a hole drilled into the seabed), and waste oil dumped on land which ends in streams that flow into the sea. It depends on several factors, types of oil (crude or refined), the quantity released, release site distance from the beach season, water temperature, climate and ocean currents. The oil reaches the sea evaporates or is broken down slowly by bacteria. Volatile organic hydrocarbons oil immediately kill several animals, especially in its forms larvales.Otras chemicals remain on the surface and floating bubbles that cover the feathers of birds that dip, which destroys the natural insulation and causes it to sink and die. Heavy oil components that settle on the bottom
can kill sea animals that live in the depths as crabs, oysters., or make them unsuitable for consumption humano.La water acidification of lakes, rivers and seas hinder the development of aquatic life in these waters, which greatly increases the mortality of fish. Also directly affects the vegetation, leading to significant damage in areas forestales.La acid rain, because of their corrosive, corrodes buildings and infrastructure
NOTE: Hurricane Katrina destroyed 46 oil platforms and damaged 20 others in the Gulf of Mexico, the area is spacious and has 3,800 oil rigs hello good afternoon to whom it may concern I am writing this message to you personally for the following ... I seek your support because you are the person to contact directly to the president will understand this is a serious and sensitive for all the political and economic implications it is necessary that only the president and the complete confidence of his people have access my project and I want to make them go directly to President Barak Obama my project proposal invention to produce renewable electricity without pollution and I was thinking that this is a joke or someone who just wants to waste time but it depends on their confidence in my words I'm writing honestly and I'm sure 90% is possible and can carry out this project ... you can beat my proposal to the president because I think it's a sincere person and put first the interests of the people and the poorest not only benefit large corporations, investors, private or convenience Policies and if the president takes on a desision my project is reviewed by experts and my energy proposals for a possible acceptance so that it can be done in the future .... I would appreciate your support and personal representation to the president for this project to benefit our planet and the economy all over the world mainly for the most
According to one report, a policy designed to promote the use of efficient technologies in the year 2025 could cut in half (or more) energy consumption figures, this would save over one hundred billion dollars a year and a reduction in CO2 emissions of 500 million tonnes a year.
Energy savings of 40% in the private sector ...., industrial, financial, residential, fishing, mineral, agricultural, and manufacturing in United States would save tens of millions a year the benefits of my new generation of energy
need desicion Beginning in USA for the benefit of all families in the country already has the infrastructure, economy and technology necessary to enable it to be done ... My personal project is the only thing it can tell you is that it would be with existing technologies, but a new form of production that still does not exist and all you need is their support to make it reach the peresidente their confidence and expertise on this topic to take an immediate desicion ............... as each day passes the worldwide pollution harms health, the environment ... and the economy of each country are losing Billions of dollars in energy savings and all that this means the poor will be most benefited Govian ... and also all the companies around the world since it is also urgent need for the future of our next generations the most important thing is not anyone but me to do something urgent to resolve the problem .... protecting our planet and the economy I hope your understanding and support from your good dia.atte.
2: improve the global economy of all countries and poverty would decline
3: my new green energy would be the economic engine of worldwide commercial, industrial, residential and technology of the future
4: all countries save billions in energy
5: All companies and governments largely spared millions and millions in energy ...... and all families
6: illuminate the whole world ... and everyone would have access to electricity and anywhere in the world in the near future.
7: improve health and reduce disease around the globe opened more investment in health
8: natural disaster would be repaired electricity in less time and save millions in repairs and lost
9: The Govian save billions in creating and generating new renewable energy.
10: the nuclear plants would no longer be a danger to the world by creasion bomb nucleres and toxic spills
11: the world will become safer for all future generations will accceso the main oil and its derivatives
12: the world would be safer without more nuclear bombs
13: and more benefits from government agencies in the U.S. ... dept of defense, pentagano, air force, naval and military, NASA, dept of energy as they can create their own sources of energy almost anywhere with my new energy
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June 26, 2009 - Friday
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Current mood: happy
Category: MySpace
words President Obama, March 19, 2009
So we have a choice to make. We can remain one of the world's leading importers of foreign oil, or we can make the investments that would allow us to become the world's leading exporter of renewable energy. We can let climate change continue to go unchecked, or we can help stop it. We can let the jobs of tomorrow be created abroad, or we can create those jobs right here in America and lay the foundation for lasting prosperity."
Energy & Environment
ProgressThe American Recovery and Reinvestment Act included more than $60 billion in clean energy investments that will jump-start our economy and build the clean energy jobs of tomorrow: $11 billion for a bigger, better, and smarter grid that will move renewable energy from the rural places it is produced to the cities where it is mostly used, as well as for 40 million smart meters to be deployed in American homes. $5 billion for low-income home weatherization projects. $4.5 billion to green federal buildings and cut our energy bill, saving taxpayers billions of dollars. $6.3 billion for state and local renewable energy and energy efficiency efforts. $600 million in green job training programs – $100 million to expand line worker training programs and $500 million for green workforce training. $2 billion in competitive grants to develop the next generation of batteries to store energy. The President issued a memorandum to the Department of Energy to implement more aggressive efficiency standards for common household appliances, like dishwashers and refrigerators. Through this step, over the next three decades, we’ll save twice the amount of energy produced by all the coal-fired power plants in America in any given year. On Earth Day 2009, the President unveiled a program to develop the renewable energy projects on the waters of our Outer Continental Shelf that produce electricity from wind, wave, and ocean currents. These regulations will enable, for the first time ever, the nation to tap into our ocean’s vast sustainable resources to generate clean energy in an environmentally sound and safe manner.
continue on the blog below ..................................Seeking a personal representation
for my personal project ..... hydroelectric and renewable electricity without pollution ...
ENERGY, ECONOMY, CLIMATE TO PRESIDENT BARAK OBAMA AND Vice President Joe Biden
hello good afternoon to whom it may concern I am writing this message to you personally for the following ... I seek your support because you can be the right person to contact the president directly will understand this is a serious and sensitive for all the and economic impact is only necessary that the president and the full confidence of his people have access to my project because I only want to let them go directly to the president Barak Obama my project proposal invention to produce renewable electricity without pollution
Imagine a world without nuclear plants. with my new way of creating electricity ... like every country in the world who seek to build a nuclear plant to produce electricity or to build weapons of war like this would no longer have a pretext to take over. as we know kills nuclear reactivity in seconds or years to a human being destroys the soil fertile and contaminated by miliary years pollutes the water, vegetation and fauna, animals, oceans and climate with the new energy reduce global pollution and its effects. like the political and economic attention ... would create millions of jobs around the world reduce global poverty and pollution opened more progress throughout the world and improve their economies ...
to let you know my proposal, personal project for the creation of electricity renobable and that is not even produced in this way as there would be with existing technologies only to find out what are sr.presidente Barack Obama with the following as the sabra bring them to the right people and experts on this issue and will take a correct make decision revise for me ..... acceptance for a possible take place in the near future will understand this is a serious issue and there is much at stake in all aspects and structures arising from them throughout the country mainly in economic, political and welfare of families and possibly in the whole world in the near future pro-poor ... also bring tens of thousands of jobs in all structures of the country, and more prosperity and progress for the benefit of the people and mainly a savings of billions and billions into their economies and their energy production and investment would be more economical and also in the future next to the most nesecita the world and their countries and the protection of the environment I do not belong to any association. company or group is my personal project ... and I'm 90% convinced that this project can be just the man could reach the moon, sending robots to distant worlds, to build underground tunnels below by the sea, large skyscraper height, or pierce the earth thousands of miles deep in the ocean, construct great pyramids, till a Large Hadron Collider, 27 kilometers from the current technology did not open an impediment to be doing I would not waste time if I knew that this was not possible to realize just as I know you are personalme my proposal to Mr. President that you believe is a sincere and first put the interests of the people and the poorest not only to benefit big business , investors, private or political conveniences if the president takes a desision about my project and is reviewed by experts and my energy proposals for a possible acceptance so that it can be done in the future .... as each passing day pollution around the world detrimental to health, climate ... and the economy of each country are losing billions of dollars in energy savings and all that this means the poor will benefit the most ... and the Govian Also all the companies around the world as it is also urgent need for the future of our next generations the most important thing is not anybody but me who aga something for an urgent solution to the problem .... protecting our planet and the global economy ... I was thinking that this is a joke or just someone who wants to waste time but it depends on your confidence in me and that I am writing honestly ... a reality that can be perform Beginning FOR LATER THIS COUNTRY AND THE WHOLE WORLD MY INVENTION WITH PROPOSAL FOR THE ESTABLISHMENT OF A NEW METHOD OF PRODUCTION OF ELECTRICITY. Affiliation belong NO GROUP OR ANY COMPANY IS A PERSONAL PROPOSAL ............. Let me repeat his words about sr, President Barack Obama I am open to all ideas, whether a Republican or a Democrat vegetarian. Thank you for your understanding and support good dia.atte. eli.com1 @ yahoo.es
the benefits of my new generation of energy
According to one report, a policy designed to promote the use of efficient technologies in the year 2025 could cut in half (or more) energy consumption figures, this would save over one hundred billion dollars a year and a reduction in CO2 emissions of 500 million tonnes a year.
Energy savings of 40% in the private sector ...., industrial, financial, residential, fishing, mineral, agricultural, and manufacturing in United States would save tens of millions a year
2: improve the global economy of all countries and poverty would decline
3: my new green energy would be the economic engine of worldwide commercial, industrial, residential and technology of the future
4: all countries save billions in energy
5: All companies and governments largely spared millions and millions in energy ...... and all families
6: illuminate the whole world ... and everyone would have access to electricity and anywhere in the world in the near future.
7: improve health and reduce disease around the globe opened more investment in health
8: natural disaster would be repaired electricity in less time and save millions in repairs and lost
9: The Govian save billions in creating and generating new renewable energy.
10: the nuclear plants would no longer be a danger to the world by creasion bomb nucleres and toxic spills
11: the world will become safer for all future generations will accceso the main oil and its derivatives
12: the world would be safer without more nuclear bombs
13: and more benefits from government agencies in the U.S. ... dept of defense, pentagano, air force, naval and military, NASA, dept of energy as they can create their own sources of energy almost anywhere with my new energy
if all households pay only 40% in energy use per year ... the 305 million inhabitants in the United States would save dollars
companies in the country would save millions and millions in electricity per year by paying only 40% and invest more money in their businesses and create thousands of jobs and thousands more across the country in United States there are approximately 20 million of emperesas.
In the United States people spend over 75% of their money in public services heating, air conditioning, lighting, cooking and using other appliances in their homes. In fact, only heat the water in the shower for a family of four can cost up to $ 33 per month ...
if the government will save 40% in electricity consumption ... save millions of dollars as well as all its dependencies ......
the United States Federal Government White House, the Pentagon, military force, air force, navy, security, civil and federal police, FBI, DEA, NASA, the U.S. state Dpto.del, Dpto.de Defense, Central Intelligence Agency, Department Interior Justice dpto.de Agriculture, Dpto.de Energy Energy Efficiency and Renewable Energy, Environmental Protection Agency, Dept. Bureau of Transportation Statistics Transportation Department of Commerce, Dpto.delTrabajo, National Science Foundation, the Federal Trade Commission, Federal Communications Commission, Dept. Housing and Urban Development, Board of Railroad Commission Employment cervisia Postal, Nuclear Regulatory Commission, Department of Treasury, Office of Personnel Management, Consumer Product Safety Commission, Social Security Administration, Agency of Information. (International U.S. Environmental Protection Agency, .. National Park Service • Fish and Wildlife Service • Bureau of Indian Affairs • Bureau of Land Management • Minerals Management Service • Office of Surface Mining, Recovery, and Enforcement • • Geological Survey Bureau of Reclamation, Office of Insular Affairs, National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration National Weather Service National Ocean Service National Geodetic Service National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration, National Marine Fisheries Service, Office of Oceanic and Atmospheric Research Administration Information Energy, Federal Energy Regulatory Commission Biological and Environmental Office of Environmental Management, Office of Risk Management and Food Safety Inspection Service Forest Service Service, Natural Resources Conservation, Rural Business-Cooperative Service, Office of Community Development Rural Housing Service, Rural Utilities Service, the Food and Nutrition Service Center for Nutrition Policy and Promotion, Agricultural Marketing Service Animal and Plant Health Inspection Service, Grain Inspection, Packers and Stockyards Administration , Agricultural Research Service Cooperative State Research, Education and Extension Service, Economic Research Service National Agricultural Statistics Service, Agricultural and Stabilization Conservation Service, Dpto.de Labor Statistics and Trade Office of Economic Analysis Administration and the Census Bureau of Statistics, National Agricultural Statistics Dpto.de Agriculture Department's National Center for Education Statistics Dpto.de and Housing and Urban Development Department of Homeland Security Office of Immigration Statistics Office of Energy Intelligence Counterintelligence and the Energy Information Administration, Federal Energy Regulatory Commission, Office of Renewable Energy, Office of Environmental Management Office of Fossil Energy Office of Legacy Management Office of Nuclear Energy, Science and Technology Administration dpt.de and National Nuclear Security, Office of Science of Science
inmagine saving millions of dollars a year just in these branches of government
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June 20, 2009 - Saturday
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Current mood: happy
Category: News and Politics
EFFECTS OF ENERGY COSTS and their production
Construction of oil cost COSTS
build oil platforms would involve much more time and billions of dollars in investment, environmental pollution and its repercussions and economic loss side
NOTE: The oil that provides 41% of the energy consumed in the USA. Represents 97% of the energy required to move its huge transport system current consumption of 19.6 million barrels per day of oil, unidos.en states in the United States only three years exhaust all its reserves, estimated at 22.4 billion barrels . NOTE: The oil inventories rose 6.1 million barrels and rose to 332.7 million placed in barriles.El price of a barrel of crude rose 2.71 U.S. dollars and closed at 43.55 dollars. NOTE: The platforms for deep water exploration is being rented at $ 600,000 s day, and the oil companies are paying U.S. $ 130,000 per day per vessel s support to the activity subácua, yu s $ 300,000 per day of ship maneuvering and positioning anclas. NOTE: of a proposed 3.6 billion dollars located 973 meters from shore. The field produces over 200,000 barrels per day, thanks to the technology platform capable of producing, storing and unloading oil in English is called FPSO. The cost of over one hundred million of dólares NOTA: The world's leading oil and gas are actually discarding some high-cost power projects in continental areas, following the fall of 60% experienced by the oil price, which rose to $ s $ 147 per barrel in mid-July, or about $ 60 s in actualidad. NOTE: Hurricane Katrina will lead to cost insurers a total of 15,000 to 20,000 million dollars (12,267 to 16,357 million euros).
NOTE: The closure of the platforms operating in the Gulf of Mexico. have stopped the activity of 711 facilities and the price of crude oil in New York. alcanso $ 70.55 (57.7 euros), an unprecedented rate in the regular session
NOTE: Hurricane Katrina destroyed 46 oil platforms and damaged 20 others in the Gulf of Mexico, the area is wide and has 3,800 oil rigs
NOTE: Hurricane ... In the U.S., more than 350 thousand people applied for state grant in August, while the loss of jobs by the devastation left by Katrina in the stricken regions could move from 300 thousand, according to conservative estimates of economists estadounidenses NOTE: transnational companies, to which pay an average of 39 million pesos per day for the lease of plataformas NOTE: Company revenue for 1 million 300 thousand pesos a day (the total is 130 million pesos) for the lease of its plataforma NOTE: he was hired by two years a platform, the cost was 6 thousand 132 million pesos. That same year he was hired its drilling rig marine autoelevable d for 1 million 837 thousand pesos, and another 69 million pesos. NOTE: From 2004 to date, PEP has received contracts for 10 billion pesos for the lease of its platforms ... With the signing and 1 thousand pesos 800millones NOTE: on average, 39 million pesos for the day income platforms. There are added costs for equipment rental and maintenance of drilling wells, which also rent some of these same companies. NOTE: The design platform and engineers participated in Spain was made at a cost of 400 million dollars. Have the ability to preocesar while 400 thousand barrels of crude and 436 million cubic feet of gas per day. With the installation of the platform and get profits which reached an estimated additional 127 million pesos to día. NOTE: The multifunctional platform is the first of its kind in size and built by a company cost $ 250 million and weighs 10 tons requires an overall investment of 12 thousand 500 million pesos will be at its peak production 2012. NOTE: The annual operating cost of a Patrol Ocean is 16 million, 41 thousand 242 dollars in investment in equipment promedio.La was $ 26 million, according to a report to investors, in diesel fuel, an Ocean Patrol spends 15 million, 328 thousand pesos to año.Las Ocean Marine Patrol spent annually 59 thousand 500 dollars in oil lubricantes.Una Patrol Ocean takes on average 65 tripulantes.Cada food ration cost per day by 2335 total daily pesos.El crew is 517.75 thousand pesos. NOTE: This is the program of building platforms Petroleum announced that it involves a plan to build 47 offshore platforms with A budget of 67 billion pesos for their full duration. NOTE: A deepwater platform drilling costs of drilling a deepwater well in 1000 costing millions of dollars
NOTE: The drilling rig is on 19 carriers to the coast km.de if a piece breaks down the costs of travel more reemprasarla cost 200 thousand dollars
NOTE: The price of the trip was 30 thousand dollars to bring 1 person with a heart in elicoptero of the platform to a hospital to land. Air pollution ... NOTE: The oil and coal as an energy source used in large quantities, can also produce sulfur and nitrogen oxides and sulfur dioxide emitted by factories, power plants and vehicles that burn coal or petroleum products. Interact with water vapor, these gases form sulfuric acid and nitric acid. Finally, these chemicals get into the atmosphere form a cloud and fall to earth after accompanying rainfall, forming acid rain. NOTE: Another effect is the weakening of the ozone layer, which protects living things from ultraviolet radiation of the sun, due to the destruction of stratospheric ozone by CI and Br from pollution or the greenhouse effect accentuated by the increasing concentration of atmospheric CO2 and other greenhouse gases that are generated in the combustion of combustibles.Deteriora increasingly on our planet. Threatens the life of plants, animals and people. Generates physical damage individuals. Become a consumable item to the water. In the contaminated soil and it is not possible siembra. NOTE: Natural gas is composed of light hydrocarbons and may contain carbon dioxide, carbon monoxide and hydrogen sulfide and contaminate large areas in the conduct of pollutants vientos.Contaminación atmosférica.Los are the main products of combustion processes in conventional transport, industrial, power generation and domestic heating, evaporation of organic solvents and emissions of carbon dioxide and ozone pollution gases or solid or liquid particles in suspension can endanger human health and the health and welfare of plants and animals, NOTE: air pollution damages health of human beings The main mechanisms of air pollution are industrial processes that involve combustion, in industries such as automobiles and residential heating, which generates carbon monoxide and dioxide nitrogen oxides and sulfur among other pollutants. Also, some industries emit harmful gases in their production processes, comocloro or have not done hidracarburos complete combustion. NOTE: Another effect is the weakening of the ozone layer, which protects living things from ultraviolet radiation of the sun, due to the destruction of stratospheric ozone by ci and br from pollution or the effect accentuated by inverdadero the increasing concentration of atmospheric CO2 and other greenhouse gas invernaderoque generated in the combustion of fuels deteriorate again to our planet. Threatens the life of plants, animals and people. Generates physical damage individuals. Become a consumable item to the water. In the contaminated soil can not be sowing. Water pollution .........
NOTE: With PetróleoLos pollution accidents in ship-tanks, leaks at sea (oil leaking from a hole drilled in the seabed), and oil waste produced on land that ends in rivers that flow into the sea. depends on several factors, types of oil (crude or refined), the amount released from the site of liberation from the beach season, water temperature, climate and ocean currents. The oil reaching the sea evaporates or is slowly degraded by bacteria. Volatile organic hydrocarbons from oil immediately kill several animals, especially in forms larvales.Otras chemicals remain on the surface and form bubbles floating feathers covering the birds dive, which destroys the natural thermal insulation and makes them collapse and die. The components of heavy oil are deposited at the bottom of the sea can kill animals that live in the depths as crabs, oysters, etc.., Or make them unsuitable for consumption humano.La water acidification of lakes, rivers and seas hinders the development of aquatic life in these waters, which greatly increases the fish kills. Also directly affects the vegetation, which produces significant damage in areas forestales.La acid rain, because it is corrosive to corrode buildings and infrastructure OTE: Use less waste and oil. Collect waste oil in cars and reprocessed for reuse. And prohibit the transport of oil drilling in ecologically sensitive areas and close to them. Greatly increase the financial responsibility of the oil companies to clean up oil spills. Require oil companies routinely tested for their employees. Regulate safety procedures and operation of refineries and plants. Dealing with the oil spill dispersant chemicals sprayed from aircraft. Using helicopter with a laser to burn the volatile components of oil. Use mechanical barriers to prevent oil reaching the beach. Pumping oil mixture - water small boats called "skimmers", where special machines separating oil from water and pumping the first to storage tanks. Increased research compañíaspetroleras the government on methods to contain and clean up oil spills. NOTE: Acid rain is formed when moisture in the air combines with nitrogen oxide and sulfur dioxide emitted by factories, power plants and vehicles that burn coal or petroleum products. Interact with water vapor, these gases form sulfuric acid and nitric acid. Finally, these chemicals fall to the ground along with the rain, forming acid rain. NOTE: Pathogens .- Bacteria, viruses, protozoa, parasites that enter the water from organic waste. These bacteria can deplete oxygen in the water and killing aquatic life forms. Inorganic chemicals .- acids, compounds of toxic metals (mercury, lead), poison the water. aquatic plants that later die and decompose, depleting oxygen from the water and thus causing the death of marine species (dead zone). Oil .- organic chemicals, plastics, pesticides, detergents life-threatening. Radioactive substances that can cause birth defects and cancer. Calor.Ingresos hot decreasing the oxygen content, and to aquatic organisms very vulnerable. Point sources discharge pollutants at specific locations through pipes and alcantarillas.Fábricas plants, sewage treatment, mining, oil wells, and so on. Non-point sources are large areas of land that discharge pollutants into the water on a region extensa.Vertimiento chemicals to fertile land polluted rivers and waste to remove phosphates from industrial plants NOTE: Thermal Pollution From Corrientes River and Lakes fish adapted to a particular temperature can be killed by heat shock (drastic change in water temperature). OcéanoEl Pollution From Ocean is now the "dustbin of the world", which will bring negative effects on futuro.La most coastal areas of the world are polluted mainly due to the discharge of sewage, chemicals, garbage, radioactive waste, oil and sediments. The most polluted seas dolphins, sea lions and sea turtles die when they ingest or get trapped by cups, bags, ropes and other forms of plastic garbage dumped into the sea.
NOTE: Escapes or leakage of chemicals from underground storage tanks. Infiltration of organic chemicals and toxic compounds from landfills, dumps abandoned hazardous waste lagoons and from industrial waste storage located above or near aquifers. Accidental infiltration into the aquifers from injection wells used for much of the hazardous waste deep underground. Prevention Methods: To prohibit the disposal of hazardous waste in landfills by injection into deep wells. Monitor groundwater. Have tighter controls on the application of pesticides and fertilizers. Require that people who use private wells for drinking water to the liquid to be examined once a year. NOTE: In many wastewater PSD and parts of the PD, sewage and industrial wastes are not treated. Instead, they are discharged into the nearest waterway or waste lagoons where the air, sunlight and microorganisms degrade wastes. The water stays in one of those lakes during 30 days. Then it is treated with chlorine and pumped for use in a city or on farms. In PD, most of the sources of debris are cleaned to varying degrees. In rural and suburban sewage from each house are usually discharged into a ditch séptica.En urban areas of the PD, the majority of waste transported by water from homes, businesses, factories and runoff from rainfall, flow through a network of sewer pipes and treatment plants are going to waste water. Some cities have separate systems for stormwater drainage, but in others the conduits for these two systems are combined, as this is cheaper. When heavy rains cause sewage systems combined escaping this discharge untreated sewage directly into the water superficiales.Cuando reach a sewage treatment plant can have up to three levels of purification. The primary treatment of sewage is a process to separate waste as sticks, stones and trapos.El secondary sewage treatment is a biological process that uses aerobic bacteria. NOTE: The advanced wastewater treatment is a series of specialized chemical and physical processes, which reduces the amount of pollutants that remain after the primary treatment and secundario.Antes of that water is discharged from a treatment plant sewage is disinfected. The usual method of chlorination. Other disinfectants are ozone, hydrogen peroxide and ultraviolet light. The common treatment of sewage has helped reduce Pollution of surface water, but environmentalists say it is an imperfect and limited output, which is eventually overtaken by more people than desechos.El largest wastewater treatment produces a viscous toxic sludge, which must be available or recycled as fertilizer for the field. Before the sludge application must be heated to kill harmful bacteria. NOTE: Remove the discharge of toxic pollutants to coastal waters. Use separate systems for the disposal and management of rainwater and sewage. Using less water and waste water. Prohibit the throw into the sea sediment of the sewage and hazardous materials from dredging. Protecting coastal areas that are already clean. Reduce dependence on oil. Use the methods to prevent oil pollution. Prohibit the throwing plastic garbage from ships and shipping. Greatly improve the capacity to clean oil spills. Improve all plants coastal sewage treatment. Soil contamination ... NOTE: Soil contamination is the presence of chemical compounds made by humans or other alteration to the natural soil environment. This contamination usually appears when a ruptured underground storage tanks, pesticide application, leaking landfills or storage of industrial products directly. The most common chemicals including petroleum hydrocarbons, solvents, pesticides and other heavy metals. This phenomenon is closely related to the degree of industrialization and intensity of use of chemicals. With regard to the risk of soil contamination is primarily health, directly and come into contact with sources of drinking water. The delineation of contaminated areas and the resulting cleanup tasks that are both expensive and time consuming, requiring extensive skills in geology, hydrography, chemistry and computer models. NOTE: The intensities of acid rain associated with current industrial activities, mainly by emissions from power plants and those produced by the combustion of hydrocarbon bearing S, N, Cl, etc.. They also have a substantial denitrification processes fertilizer added to soils in excessive doses and similar natural processes that occur in areas of mangrove forests, rice paddies, volcanoes, and so on. Currently concentrated in the economically more developed countries, but is gradually spreading to other areas. The contamination of soils and aquifers by fertilisantes pestis and employed in agriculture is of this type. It is also widespread contamination of the soil when the rain pollutants dragged there, as with acid rain This affects certain species of animals and plants, change the composition of the soil and wear the monuments and the exterior of buildings. NOTE: The acidification of soils have the following effects: It reduces nutrients to vary their ciclo.Provoca mobilizing toxic elements such as aluminum (soluble at pH <4.2). Increases in the mobility of metals pesados.Provoca changes in the composition and structure of the microflora and microfauna.Las mining usually cause severe environmental impacts, with destruction of the natural soil and creation of new soil (Antrosoles) who have severe physical, chemical and biological hindering resettlement of what vegetación.en concerns known since ancient diseases such as silicosis, asbestosis, lead poisoning and heavy metal mercurialismo.concentraciones abnormal NOTE: pollution emission of solid particles, gases and solid particles ruidos.Las occur in the opening hole (blasting) and transport of ores and sterile (not part of the subsurface material exploitable), primarily. They are only annoying for people with respiratory problems and for the trees. To mitigate this impact, it should be in the area damp. We have to proceed to a rapid revegetation of areas that will leave the activities of a permanent or temporary, and the formation of tree screens that capture the dust in the vicinity of outbreaks producción.Gases usually sulfur compounds, which are seen mainly in the abandoned sites. Noise due to blasting, trucks, tractors, escabadoras etc. Obviously, those who suffer most are the effects of the quarry workers, as the remoteness of the mines with regard to population centers, makes noises that they are imperceptible, or arriving too obscured by distance. The main thing is to remove barriers to enter sonic screen natural or artificial. NOTE: Lack or imbalance in the content of key nutrients. Since biological activity is greatly reduced. Have severe shortages were the main biogenic elements: C, N and P. Low capacity for change. Produced by the absence of organic evolution and the scarcity of water retention fraction arcilla.Baja. Due to the absence of colloidal materials with properties listed in the previous section, and also because of the absence of estructura.Presencia of toxic compounds that prevent or at least hinder the rapid colonization of the depósitos.Resumiendo, mining activities causing intense changes in soils that often lead to their total destruction, leaving the materials with such severe limitations that usually take corrective measures to recover, at least in part, the ability productiva.Los pesticides act not only on pests, but indiscriminately affect all agencies. The effect is a partial sterilization of the soil, it takes months or years to recover the equilibrium level climácico in populations of microorganisms. Many times, may even cause the spread of pests by eliminating their natural competitors (boomerang effect). HEALTH .........
NOTE: The smog is a problem in many cities and continues to damage human health. Sulfur dioxide, nitrogen dioxide and carbon monoxide are especially harmful to elderly people, children and people with heart or lung problems such as emphysema, bronchitis and asthma. Can inflame airways, reducing the capacity of the lungs. Cause shortness of breath and pain when inhaled sharply, as well as coughing and wheezing in the airways. It also causes irritation of the eyes and nose, and dry mucous membranes protecting the nose and throat, interfering with the body's ability to fight disease, and thus increasing their susceptibility to enfermedades.cargado harmful components of all living beings and materiales.Surge variety of reactions of nitrogen oxides, hydrocarbons and oxygen to energy from solar ultraviolet radiation. NOTE: air pollution in large cities affects cardiovascular health. The effect of persistent pollution of the atmosphere was found that there is a direct link between increased particulate air pollution in the city and the inner wall thickening of the arteries (the "intimate media"), which is an indicator found in atherosclerosis. NOTE: ultimately leads to the development of acute cardiovascular disorders such as heart attack. Andalusia inspire environmental particles with a diameter smaller than 2.5 micrometers, enter the small airways and then irritate the artery walls. The researchers found that for every increase of 10% smoke and snuff which generally comes from the exhaust of cars produce the same amount of these particles. Clean air standards will contribute to better health effects escala.El large photochemical smog reduced visibility, irritating the eyes and respiratory system NOTE: scientists have always known that an ambient particulate pollution can lodge in the lungs and increase the risk of disease to heart attacks and pulmunares and apoplegias ... These particles come from power plants and vehicles that use diesel.
production, and increased average capacity in 2007.
In 2007, the average price of retail electricity rose 2.6 percent from 8.9 to 9.1 cents per kilowatthour (kWh)
The three primary energy sources for electricity generation in the United States are coal, 2016 million MWh in 2007 natural gas 897 million MWh of energy in 2007 million MWh nuclear.806. Between 1996 and 2007, these three sources provided between 84.6 and 89.5 percent of total net generation during the period 1997 to 2007. Oil at 66 million MWh in 2006 the relative share of total net generation in 2007 was unchanged from 2006 at 1.6 percent. Conventional hydroelectric power 248 million MWh in 2007 continues to decline as a proportion of total net generation. In 2007, conventional hydroelectric generation capacity accounted for 6.0 percent of total net generation, compared to 10.2 percent in 1997. conventional, has contributed 2.5 percent of total net electricity generation in 2007. Wind generation is the second largest renewable energy source, contributing 34 million MWh, or 0.8 percent of total net generation in 2007. Geothermal power plants supplied 15 million MWh of net generation from biomass and 17 million MWh. Net generation produced by renewable energy sources, excluding hydroelectric generation rose by 9.0 percent compared to 10.5 percent growth in 2006. Renewables accounted for 2.5 percent or 105 million MWh of total net generation in 2007. Wood and wood-based fuels accounted for 39 million MWh, or 0.9 percent of total net generation. Wind generation is the second largest renewable energy source, contributing 34 million MWh, or 0.8 percent of total net generation in 2007. Geothermal power plants supplied 15 million MWh of net generation from biomass and 17 million MWh. Each of these renewables represent about 0.4 percent of total net generation in 2007. In 2007, wood and derived fuels remain the main sources of renewable generation, representing 37.1 percent of net total renewable generation, with the exception of conventional hydroelectric generation. Wind generation is becoming a greater proportion of renewable generation. In 2007, wind accounted for 32.7 percent of total net generation of non-renewable, hydroelectric plants, compared with 4.3 percent in 1997. The annual growth in solar energy and photovoltaic generation has been sufficient for this source of renewable energy to account, on average, 0.5 percent of all non-hydroelectric renewable energy. Wood and wood-based fuels and geothermal energy have remained fairly stable production levels averaged 38 million MWh and 15 MWh per year, respectively. Other biomass generation has declined from a peak of 23 million MWh in 2000 to 17 million MWh in 2007.
as each day passes the pollution throughout the world detrimental to health, climate ... and the economy of each country are losing billions of dollars in energy savings and all that this means the poor will be the Govian benefit the most ... and also all the companies around the world as it is also urgent need for the future of our next generations the most important thing is not anybody but me who aga something for an urgent solution to the problem .. .. protecting our planet and the global economy ...
My only condition to send my proposal or project to sr. barak obama president ... is that a send me a personal message and a video claiming that it take a desision know and I will personally send me your reply to a representative and an expert in electricity and hydraulic engineer and a graphic designer for an interactive interview ..... .. The second condition is that this project mainly benefisio of families and more and not just in nesecita venefisio companies, multinationals, investment companies, private groups or the third condition 3 and the most important thing. protect our planet and that is our only home in the middle of the universe and I take my suggestion future generations will thank you for having taken a correct decision sr.presidente barak obama ... but firstly I would like to present a possible solution to rising sea levels by melting glaciers and climate change ...
But first let me present a possible solution to rising sea levels by melting glaciers..... english....climate.protect the world's coastsSeeking a personal representation
for the person who has this message and move to the following ... note of the Miami Herald newspaper uses. the melting of the Arctic, and disturbing, was accelerated during the summer, a warning sign that some scientists that global warming would be worse. One scientist even speculated that the sea will freeze over the summer in five years.The ice covering Greenland lost nearly 19,000 million tonnes by melting compared with the previous record and the volume of ice in the Arctic at the end of summer was half of what had just four years, according to data from a NASA satellite and obtained by The Associated Press. Miami Herald. 1: obsion ... minimize emissions of polluting gases in the world in the coming years to avoid the heat and almost gloval destruction of the already affected layer ososno ...... note: opsion more complicated and difisil perform in the coming years by the global economic impact ....... 2: opsion .... building thousands of kilometers of barricades on all coastal cities and islands in the world and in places where more is needed to prevent water from entering ..... note the inversion of emergency prevention and more costly to the countries of the world without Economy to maintain ... 3: opsion ... my proposal, would be the next project .... defend everything in one sentence send seawater within the Asian continent as many coasts and beaches in the world will be flooded by the growth of the sea in the coming decades throughout the world ....... and in use. mainly the coasts of Florida with
struir barricades costaria tens of millions of dollars and even without the effects wing flora and fauna animals and damage to coastal cities and beaches road infrastructure ..... and would also have some sort of impact on the global climate .... but as a design that is worth more than and not missing and another on water in the oceans could be harnessed as follows ....... . 1: opsion build thousands of kilometers of water at the lowest cost OWARDS minimum pumping water from the desert near the coast ..... and so in that way and also stop its avanse only make the infertile soil, drought and warming contrivulle deserts gloval ............... I open channels by the sea or building miles of aqueducts for yevar well water into the mountains, valleys, basins, gullies. asia inabitables people near the sea costruir varricadas.represas to store water in such places osea creating great salt lakes or small seas ejem.pg.web ... Great Salt Lake - Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia ...... and they create great Vance. breeding of billions of fish PISCICULTORA fish that can adapt to this new environment. information on breeding systems peses pg. web.masmar.com: The fish are growing four times faster than at sea inportante information piscipicultura groups in different countries Pisciculturainformasion pg. webEl Acuarista> Sections> Fact Sheet: Poecilia sp (Mollys) pg information. Fish Farms Web information-Mar pg.webMare information pg.web and Fish Ponds::. Our nursery also carry water for Asian seas. lakes and other places. that are drying up worldwide examples ... 1 Source Lakes USA | Lakes salted and create some of these villages, camps, hotels, houses turistas.pueblos.ciudades campaign so would create thousands of jobs in construction, fishing and tourism in each country ... ... ay sufisiente time and have water left over from this time would be planned projects using all the technology needed ..... example ... satellites. uvicar to the right places ... to put a 1 as an example ... The Grand Canyon in Arizona climate.protect the world's coasts The Grand Canyon is immense. It has almost 200 miles long and 10 to 15 miles wide. Their deepest parts are in the Colorado River channel and measuring vertically more than a mile (1.6 km). The rock layers were created at the bottom of a vast sea millions of years ago, when accumulated over a mile of sedimentary deposits. Later, the collision of tectonic plates across the region rose thousands of feet, forming the great Colorado Plateau lies now 7000 to 9000 feet (2100 to 2750 meters) above sea level. The Colorado River was a cause for slow water and eroded the ground for thousands of years across many sedimentary layers. Eventually the river sculpted this channel a mile deep is now known as the Grand Canyon .........
2: Another example: Lake Okeechobee.
info.pg.web ..... Area Lake Okeechobee Lake Okeechobee.
as in these examples opened ............. sufisiente enough room for almasenar seawater ................... so well in all continents of the world's support and commitment of all the world and power Govian Beginning in carrying ACAV uses ........... since the florida usa. is one of the first places to run great risks, and millions in losses as in the world at least ......................... extrairia 15% to 35% percent of the water meter or ocena that unless creseria in the coming decades with the melting of the following decades glasiares .......... send water asia earth inside ...... not be the best project or proposal ,,,,,,,,,,, but if a better opsion ... order to have a problem ....... solusion andalusia or at least avoid the damage by avoiding overly wings coastal cities growth of water in the oceans as well ................ almasenada that water in the places assigned to serve a future different people from all countries to create potable water for drinking ..... inf. pg web ...
Desalination - Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia and for irrigation of agricultural fields, and any other use as in many places around the world lack water ase ............. produse tegnology with more current and modern there example: Plants of seawater desalination by reverse osmosis or other technologies available ... to pump seawater asia assigned destinations and save money ... utilisarian giant pumps are high pressure ... infor.pg. Web 3.2 .. inf pumping from the lake. pg web de CV ... CYRESA, water pumps, submersible centrifugal pumps, wastewater treatment and irrigation pumps ibidrias last generation or supply of ethanol and biodiesel produced mainly by large electric fields of solar panels serca giant pumps the well pump faster asia destinations allocated in this way also saves fuel without contaminasion ..... or the first that anyone would propose opsion ......... build barricades around all coastal towns and islands in the world where masssss is nesesite ......
NOTE: catidades example of water pumped by only 3 pumps pumping from the lake pg.web 3.2
In response, the state of Utah and built an ideo pumping project on the western side of the lake, where there was a pumping station called Hogup Ridge, which contains three pumps with a combined capacity to pump 1.5 million gallons per minutes, a drainage channel for 4.1 miles and an input channel, allowing water pumped back into the lake.
At the end of his first year in operation, the bombs were thrown around 0.6 km ³
Cubic kilometer is a unit of volume. Corresponds to the volume of a cube one kilometer side ....... Equivalent to one billion meters cúbicos.1 km3 = 1,000,000,000 m3 = 109 m3
In 10 years with only 3 bombs of this type from the sea opened up 60 billion cubic meters ................. 1 km3 = 1,000,000,000 m3 = 109 m3
in these mometos already has the tegnology needed to build large, powerful water pumps to pump more capacity ...
immagine desert places and the mountains to bring water from the sea ... continent and to all locations available worldwide, instead of dry and arid with ..... just take 15% to 35% or less than half a meter at sea level .......... ....... so the cities would not be affected in the next 80 0 100 years since then the world opened and left to pollute too much and the global climate Iria returning to normal as well as sea level maintain the same level in the future .... for example .. down where the person would bevastadas seawater climate.protect the world's coasts After taking the sea water in the coming decades also some places where he opened a new life fishing, tourism, new villages, towns and cities around, and that crearia thousands of jobs in the construction and tourism in each country where it already eater there is life  .. 
NOTE: If one day this project were to carry out the president you know that you are not interested let them know THANKS FOR YOUR SUPPORT AND
UNDERSTANDING ...Seeking a personal representation
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June 20, 2009 - Saturday
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Current mood: happy
Category: MySpace
--- El sáb, 19/9/09, Eli Bernal .. escribió:
De: Eli Bernal ..
Asunto: qqq
Para: "ELI BERNAL" ..
Fecha: sábado, 19 septiembre, 2009 6:47
BUSCO EL APOYO DE TODAS LAS PERSONAS QUE LEAN ESTE MENSAJE PARA HACERLE LLEGAR ESTA PROPUESTA ENERGETICA AL PRESIDENTE BARACK OBAMA PARA
PROPUESTA ENERGETICA hola buenas tardes le escribo personalmente para lo siguiente desearia que su ----------------- fuera el coopatricinador de mi popruesta ,proyecto personal ante el govierno y o el presidente barack obama para presentarle esta propuesta .generacion de energia hidroelectrica renobable y sin contaminacion ya que con su apoyo podrian ser las personas impulsoras de esta nueva forma energetica para el benefisio de todo el pais y en un futuro no muy lejano al mundo entero si se llegara a realizar esta propuesta .primero en usa.. mi propuesta es personal y ya que las personas como usted que piensan en el futuro de las demas me gustaria resivir su apoyo para que pudiera llevarse acavo para el venefisio de todas la famlias y no solo para hacer negocio para unas cuentas personas ya que pienso que el presidente es una persona cinsera y justa y sabra tomar una decision correcta para este proposito y pondra primero el benefisio de todas las familias del pais no nesecita invertir miles de dolares para esta propuesta energetica solamente para resivir su apoyo solo nesesito tres sencillos pasos 1: entrevistarme con un experto e ingeniero en electricidad hidroelectrica de su total confiansa para presentarle mi propuesta y terminar de redactar un mini proyecto para llevarlo ante el presidente o govierno 2: un disenador interactivo para presentar este proyecto para su mejor entendimiento visual 3: hacerlo llegar al personalmente al presidente inmagine el benefisio que resiviria su hogar su familia y en un futuro sus hijos y nietos todas las personas en el pais pagando solo el 50% de electricidad en un futuro no muy lejano tamvien en el sector industrial,comercial y residencial ya que con mi propuesta seria mas economica la generacion y venta de electrcidad por eso es urgente resivir su apoyo personal para entregar esta propuesta u o proyecto con el respaldo del experto e ingeniero en electricidad hidraulica ya que cada dia que pasa se estan perdiendo millones en ahorro energetico en todo el pais y todo esto seria posible con una reforma energetica echa o presentada por el presidente al congreso...creo que usted pensara que soy una persona que quiero hacer una broma o que deveria ser una persona publica importatnte o un experto en electricidad e ingenieria hidraulica o un rico invercionista privado pero dejeme repetir una palabras del presidente barack obama Estoy abierto a todas las ideas, ya sea de un republicano, demócrata o un vegetariano. gracias por su comprension y apoyo buen dia. espero su comprension y apoyo gracias att....... eli email: eli.com1@yahoo.es para mas informacion visite mi web: ECONOMY AND ENERGY TO BARAK OBAMA
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MY PROPUESTA, INVENTO,PROYECTO ENERGETICO GENERACION DE ELECTRICIDAD HIDROELECTRICA RENOBABLE Y SIN CONTAMINACION 1: fuente de almacenamiento y distrivucion electrica sistema de suministro eléctrico |
2: PLTAFORMA DE ENERGIA HIDROELECTRICA............................. plataforma compuesta de 3 niveles 1: nivel : unidades de control de equipos electromecánicos de energía control del generador energia y turbina, el sistema de excitación y el regulador de velocidad.control del la compuerta automatica entrada de agua.control de las bombas de la salida del agua , transformadores 2: nivel cuartos de ospedaje del personal sala principal de mando y control de energia y sistema de emergencia sala de descanso y espacio recreativo bodegas de almasenaje 3: nivel plataforma de emargencia y aterrisaje del elicoptero para el transporte del personal y material MI FUENTE DE ENERGIA AQUI... MAS DETALLES TOP SECRET electricidad. El agua entra en la sala de máquinas, donde están las turbinas y el generador. El agua gira las turbinas y continua para abajo La turbina gira y produce energía de rotación. diferentes tipos de turbinas que se puede usar en la central hidroeléctrica. la más común es la turbina Francis que tiene la forma de un espiral. La energía de rotación va al eje y continúa al alternador. Un alternador transforme la energía de rotación a la electricidad con la fuerza de los imanes. En un alternador, la energía mecánica gira un inductor que gira y forma una tensión eléctrica con un inducido. Esta tensión produce la electricidad. La electricidad va al subestación y entra en las líneas de transporte de energía eléctrica y entra en la red de transporte de energía eléctrica. construir mas plataformas petroleras conllevaria mucho tiempo y miles de millones de dolares en inversion mas contaminacion ambiental y sus repercuciones colaterales y perdidas economicas en lugar de buscar y explotar el petroleo del fondo del mar u otras fuentes de energia con mi propuesta energetica construiriamos fuentes de genarcion hidroelectrica con my nueva forma de produccion Según cifras del Departamento de energía de Estados Unidos más del 85% de la energía consumida en este país, es producida por la industria del petróleo. 1: costos de la ubicasion del pozo petrolero , perforacion del pozo marino y extracion del petroleo prosesamiento , refinacion y distrivusion Número de pozos en el mundo/ hay más de 500.000. NOTA:Los Estados Unidos de America es el lider mundial en exploración y explotación de pozos profundos en el mundo con la construcción y puesta en marcha de 100 pozos petroleros anuales, con un costo por pozo de 70 a 150 millones de dolares por pozo. NOTA:Las plataformas de exploración para aguas profundas se están alquilando a u$s 600.000 diarios, y las empresas petroleras están pagando u$s 130.000 diarios por buques de apoyo a la actividad subácua, y u$s 300.000 por día de buques de maniobra y posicionamiento de anclas. NOTA:La construcción de una plataforma mar adentro es un poco distinta a la de una plataforma marina convencional, la construcción y traslado es similar, se arma en la costa y se hace el traslado mediante una barcaza llamada “chalan“, utilizando gruas de alto tonelaje (25,000 Tn aprox.), con un costo de 2 millones de dolares/día, y un monto total de 900 millones de dolares por proyecto, se utiliza una plataforma flotante o semi-sumergible con un alto grado de automatización, capacidad de producción y operabilidad en situaciones adversas o precarias. NOTA:productoras internacionales están obligados a seguir perforando pozos en aguas profundas que cuestan hasta US$200 millones cada uno, debido a contratos firmados cuando el crudo valía más de US$ 140 por barril. NOTA:Se estima que la cancelación de un alquiler de US$600.000 diarios faltando 12 meses puede costar US$219 millones por las penalizaciones… las ganancias de la industria petrolera han bajado porque los precios del crudo han caído pero el costo de las plataformas y otros equipos sigue más o menos en máximos históricos, dijo David Foley, que colabora en la administración de US$2.000 millones en Estabrook Capital Management, en Nueva York.
La demanda de plataformas cuyo arrendamiento puede costar más de US$600.000 diarios no ha disminuido luego del derrumbe del precio del crudo registrado desde julio pasado, NOTA:Un cálculo preliminar indica que necesitaría 100 pozos a un costo de US$50.000 a US$100.000 millones. La perforación del primer pozo llevó más de un año, a un costo de US$240 millones. Actualmente, un pozo equivalente en 60 días, a un costo de US$60 millones. NOTA:Para explotar esta nueva fuente de crudo, se ha embarcado en el proyecto más costoso y complejo de su historia. La compañía estatal gastará hasta US$15.000 millones en una gigantesca red de oleoductos, instalaciones de tratamiento de crudo, pozos horizontales y sistemas de inyección de agua. La compañía lo califica como "uno de los mayores proyectos industriales que se están llevando a cabo actualmente en el mundo". 4: danos y efectos climaticos fuente... petroelo Contaminación del aire............ NOTA:Los hidrocarburos y el carbón usados como fuente de energía, en grandes cantidades, pueden también producir óxidos de azufre y nitrógeno y el dióxido de azufre emitidos por fábricas, centrales eléctricas y vehículos que queman carbón o productos derivados del petróleo. En interacción con el vapor de agua, estos gases forman ácido sulfúrico y ácidos nítricos. Finalmente, estas sustancias químicas suben a la atmósfera forman una nube y después caen a la tierra acompañando a las precipitaciones, constituyendo la lluvia ácida NOTA:El smog es un problema en una gran cantidad de ciudades y continúa dañando la salud humana. El dióxido de azufre, el dióxido de nitrógeno y el monóxido de carbono son especialmente dañinos para personas en edad avanzada, niños y personas con problemas cardiacos o pulmonares como enfisema, bronquitis y asma. Puede inflamar las vías respiratorias, disminuyendo la capacidad de trabajo de los pulmones. Causa falta de aliento y dolor cuando se inhala fuertemente, así como tos y silbidos de las vías respiratorias. También causa irritaciones en los ojos y en la nariz; y seca las membranas protectoras de mucosa de la nariz y la garganta, interfiriendo con la habilidad del cuerpo para luchar contra las enfermedades; y por lo tanto, incrementando la susceptibilidad a las enfermedades.cargado de componentes dañinos para todos los seres vivos y diversos materiales.Surge de las reacciones de óxidos de nitrógeno, hidrocarburos y oxígeno con la energía proveniente de la radiación solar ultravioleta. Mayores exposiciones depresión, dolores de cabeza,vértigo y nauseas.......... cancerígeno para el ser humano frecuencia de leucemias,embarazadas, el benceno se acumula en el suministro sanguíneo del feto Contaminación del suelo...
NOTA: El crudo contiene miles de compuestos químicos diferentes que varían dependiendo de la procedencia del mismo. La mayoría de los compuestos que se encuentran en el petróleo son hidrocarburos, que llegan a suponer entre el 50% y el 98% de la composición. También se encuentranconcentraciones variables de metales pesados como vanadio, níquel, cobre y hierro. Otros importantes pero menores constituyentes son el sulfuro, el nitrógeno y el oxígeno.La contaminación del suelo es la presencia de compuestos químicos hechos por el hombre u otra alteración al ambiente natural del suelo. Esta contaminación generalmente aparece al producirse una ruptura de tanques de almacenamiento subterraneo, aplicación de pesticidas, filtraciones de rellenos sanitarios o de acumulación directa de productos industriales. Los químicos más comunes incluyen hidrocarburos de petróleo, disolventes, pesticidas y otros metales pesados. Este fenómeno está estrechamente relacionado con el grado de industrialización e intensidad del uso de químicos. En lo concerniente a la contaminación de suelos su riesgo es primariamente de salud, de forma directa y al entrar en contacto con fuentes de agua potable. La delimitación de las zonas contaminadas y la resultante limpieza de esta son tareas que consumen mucho tiempo y dinero, requiriendo extensas habilidades de geología, hidrografía, química y modelos a computadora. Contaminación del agua...
NOTA:Contaminación Con PetróleoLos accidentes de los buque-tanques, los escapes en el mar (petróleo que escapa desde un agujero perforado en el fondo marino), y petróleo de desecho arrojado en tierra firme que termina en corrientes fluviales que desembocan en el mar.Depende de varios factores; tipos de petróleo (crudo o refinado), cantidad liberada, distancia del sitio de liberación desde la playa, época del año, temperatura del agua, clima y corrientes oceánicas. El petróleo que llega al mar se evapora o es degradado lentamente por bacterias. Los hidrocarburos orgánicos volátiles del petróleo matan inmediatamente varios animales, especialmente en sus formas larvales.Otras sustancias químicas permanecen en la superficie y forman burbujas flotantes que cubren las plumas de las aves que se zambullen, lo cual destruye el aislamiento térmico natural y hace que se hundan y mueran. Los componentes pesados del petróleo que se depositan al fondo del mar pueden matar a los animales que habitan en las profundidades como cangrejos, ostras, etc., o los hacen inadecuados para el consumo humano.La acidificación de las aguas de lagos, ríos y mares dificulta el desarrollo de vida acuática en estas aguas, lo que aumenta en gran medida la mortandad de peces. Igualmente, afecta directamente a la vegetación, por lo que produce daños importantes en las zonas forestales.La lluvia ácida, por su carácter corrosivo, corroe a las construcciones y a las infraestructuras NOTA:El huracán Katrina destruyó 46 plataformas de petróleo y dañó otras 20 en el golfo de México,La zona es amplia y cuenta con 3.800 plataformas petroleras INFORMACION GENERAL Y ENERGIA Transformadores elevadores.Piso de los generadores y salas de control local.Sistema de ventilación.Galería de cables.Servicio auxiliar de la compuertas.automaticas desnivel de 150 m en caída bruta que impulsa la operación de las turbinas. En la parte superior principal están situadas las tomas por donde el agua inicia su descenso por la tubería hasta la caja espiral, distribuidor hasta accionar y hacer girar la rueda de la turbina. un alto máximo de 200 metros, el cuarto de control tendrian los equipos para la generación de electricidad, la caja espiral, la turbina, el generador, el sistema de excitación y el regulador de velocidad.incluyendo las tomas de agua, tuberías de presión, caja espiral, turbina, generador, Sala de Control Central , Sala de Despacho de Carga y salas de control local. La tensión de la corriente generada por transformadores monofásicos.La rotación de la turbina, movida por el flujo del agua, hace girar al rotor del generador, cuyos campos magnéticos, al desplazarse frente a las bobinas del estator, producen la energía eléctrica. generacion de electricidad capacidad instalada de 15.000 megavatios (MW). con 20 turbinas... Turbina es el nombre genérico que se da a la mayoría de las turbomáquinas motoras. Éstas son máquinas de fluido, a través de las cuales pasa un fluido en forma continua y este le entrega su energía a través de un rodete con paletas o álabes.Las turbinas constan de una o dos ruedas con paletas, denominadas rotor y estator, siendo la primera la que, impulsada por el fluido, arrastra el eje en el que se obtiene el movimiento de rotación. El término turbina suele aplicarse también, por ser el componente principal, al conjunto de varias turbinas conectadas a un generador para la obtención de energía eléctrica. Francis. unidades generadoras, cada una con capacidad de 700 MW Anual de generación promedio 100 millones de megavatios-hora ( MWh) por año, con mi propuesta energetica cada estado __________ del pais tendria su propia fuente de generacion y distrivucion energetica para el consumo. residencial.industrial y comercial en todo el pais total 26 centrales de produccion energetica......... |
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June 18, 2009 - Thursday
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Current mood: happy
Category: MySpace
Estadisticas: ventas y produccion energetica
costo petrolero COSTRUCCION DE PLATAFORMAS PETROLERAS
Y SUS COSTOS ECONOMICOS construir mas plataformas petroleras conllevaria mucho tiempo y miles de millones de dolares en inversion,contaminacion ambiental y sus repercuciones colaterales y perdidas economicas NOTA:el petróleo que proporciona el 41% de la energía consumida en Estados Unidos. Representa el 97% de la energía requerida para mover su inmenso sistema de transportes el consumo actual, de 19.6 millones de barriles diarios de petróleo,en estados unidos.en sólo tres años Estados Unidos agotaría todas sus reservas, estimadas en 22.4 mil millones de barriles. NOTA:Los inventarios de petróleo crecieron 6.1 millones de barriles y pasaron a ubicarse en 332.7 millones de barriles.El precio del barril de crudo estadounidense subió 2.71 dólares y cerró en 43.55 dólares.
NOTA:Las plataformas de exploración para aguas profundas se están alquilando a u$s 600.000 diarios, y las empresas petroleras están pagando u$s 130.000 diarios por buques de apoyo a la actividad subácua, y u$s 300.000 por día de buques de maniobra y posicionamiento de anclas. NOTA: un proyecto de 3,6 mil millones de dólares localizado a 973 metros de la costa. El campo produce más de 200.000 barriles por día, gracias a la alta tecnología de la plataforma capaz de producir, almacenar y descargar petróleo, en inglés se la denomina FPSO. El costo de supera los cien millones de dólares NOTA:Las compañías líderes en la producción de petróleo y gas están de hecho descartando algunos proyectos energéticos de alto costo en zonas continentales, a raíz de la caída del 60% experimentada por el precio del petróleo, que pasó de u$s 147 dólares por barril a mediados de julio, a cerca de u$s 60 en la actualidad. NOTA:el huracán Katrina supondrá para las aseguradoras un coste total de 15.000 a 20.000 millones de dólares (12.267 a 16.357 millones de euros). NOTA:el cierre de las plataformas que operan en el Golfo de México. han cesado la actividad de 711 instalaciones y el precio del crudo en New York. alcanso 70,55 dólares (57,7 euros), una cotización nunca vista en la sesión regular de NOTA:El huracán Katrina destruyó 46 plataformas de petróleo y dañó otras 20 en el golfo de México,La zona es amplia y cuenta con 3.800 plataformas petroleras NOTA:huracanes... En Estados Unidos, más de 350 mil personas solicitaron subsidio estatal en agosto, mientras que la pérdida de puestos de trabajo por los estragos dejados por Katrina en las regiones azotadas pudiera pasar de otros 300 mil, según cálculos conservadores de economistas estadounidenses NOTA:compañías trasnacionales, a las cuales paga en promedio 39 millones de pesos diarios por el arrendamiento de plataformas NOTA:la compañía ingresos por 1 millón 300 mil pesos diarios (el monto total es de 130 millones de pesos) por el arrendamiento de su plataforma NOTA:se le arrendó por dos años una plataforma, el costo fue de 6 mil 132 millones de pesos. Ese mismo año se le contrató su plataforma de perforación marina autoelevable, d por 1 mil 837 millones de pesos; y otra por 69 millones de pesos. NOTA:del 2004 a la fecha, ha recibido contratos de PEP por 10 mil millones de pesos por el arrendamiento de sus plataformas...Con la firma y otros 1 mil 800millones de pesos NOTA:en promedio, 39 millones de pesos diarios de la renta de las plataformas. A ello se añaden los costos del alquiler de equipos para perforación y mantenimiento de pozos, que también renta a algunas de estas mismas empresas. NOTA:En el diseño de plataforma participaron ingenieros y fue fabricada en España a un costo de 400 millones de dólares. Tendrá la capacidad para preocesar al mismo tiempo 400 mil barriles de crudo y 436 millones de pies cúbicos de gas al día. Con la instalación de la plataforma que llegó y obtendrá ganancias adicionales estimadas en 127 millones de pesos al día. NOTA:La plataforma multifuncional es la primera en su tipo y en su tamaño construida por una empresa costó 250 millones de dólares y pesa 10 mil toneladas requiere una inversión global de 12 mil 500 millones de pesos y estará en sus niveles máximos de producción en 2012. NOTA:El costo de operación anual de una Patrulla Oceánica es de 16 millones, 41 mil 242 pesos en promedio.La inversión en el equipo fue de 26 millones de dólares, según consta en un informe a inversionistas,En combustible diesel, una Patrulla Oceánica gasta 15 millones, 328 mil pesos al año.Las Patrullas Oceánicas de la Marina gastan anualmente 59 mil 500 pesos en aceites lubricantes.Una Patrulla Oceánica lleva en promedio 65 tripulantes.Cada ración de alimento cuesta al día 23.35 pesos. El total diario por tripulación es de mil 517.75 pesos. NOTA:Se trata del Programa de construcción de Plataformas Petroleras anunciado que implica un plan para construir 47 plataformas marinas con un presupuesto de 67 mil millones de pesos durante todo su desarrollo.
Contaminación del aire... NOTA:Los hidrocarburos y el carbón usados como fuente de energía, en grandes cantidades, pueden también producir óxidos de azufre y nitrógeno y el dióxido de azufre emitidos por fábricas, centrales eléctricas y vehículos que queman carbón o productos derivados del petróleo. En interacción con el vapor de agua, estos gases forman ácido sulfúrico y ácidos nítricos. Finalmente, estas sustancias químicas suben a la atmósfera forman una nube y después caen a la tierra acompañando a las precipitaciones, constituyendo la lluvia ácida. NOTA:Otro de los efectos es el debilitamiento de la capa de ozono, que protege a los seres vivos de la radiación ultravioleta del Sol, debido a la destrucción del ozono estratosférico por CI y Br procedentes de la contaminación; o el efecto invernadero acentuado por el aumento de la concentración de CO2 atmosférico y otros gases de efecto invernadero que se generan en la combustión de combustibles.Deteriora cada vez más a nuestro planeta. Atenta contra la vida de plantas, animales y personas. Genera daños físicos en los individuos. Convierte en un elemento no consumible al agua. En los suelos contaminados y no es posible la siembra. NOTA:El gas natural está formado por hidrocarburos livianos y puede contener dióxido de carbono, monóxido de carbono y ácido sulfhídrico Y contaminan extensas zonas en la dirección de los vientos.Contaminación atmosférica.Los contaminantes principales son los productos de procesos de combustión convencional en actividades de transporte,industriales, generacion de energia electrica y calefacion doméstica, la evaporación de disolventes orgánicos y las emisiones de dioxido de carbono y ozono La contaminación de gases o partículas solidas o liquidas en suspensión que pueden poner en peligro la salud del hombre y la salud y bienestar de las plantas y animales,
NOTA: contaminación atmosférica perjudica salud de los seres vivos Los principales mecanismos de contaminación atmosférica son los procesos industriales que implican combustion,tanto en industrias como en automóviles y calefacciones residenciales, que generan dioxido y monoxido de carbono oxidos de nitrogeno y azufre entre otros contaminantes. Igualmente, algunas industrias emiten gases nocivos en sus procesos productivos, comocloro o hidracarburos que no han realizado combustión completa. NOTA:Otro de los efectos es el debilitamiento de la capa de ozono, que protege a los seres vivos de la radiación ultravioleta del Sol, debido a la destrucción del ozono estratosférico por ci y br procedentes de la contaminación; o el efecto inverdadero acentuado por el aumento de la concentración de CO2 atmosférico y otros gases de efecto invernaderoque se generan en la combustión de combustibles Deteriora cada vez más a nuestro planeta. Atenta contra la vida de plantas, animales y personas. Genera daños físicos en los individuos. Convierte en un elemento no consumible al agua. En los suelos contaminados no es posible la siembra.
Contaminación del agua...
NOTA:Contaminación Con PetróleoLos accidentes de los buque-tanques, los escapes en el mar (petróleo que escapa desde un agujero perforado en el fondo marino), y petróleo de desecho arrojado en tierra firme que termina en corrientes fluviales que desembocan en el mar.Depende de varios factores; tipos de petróleo (crudo o refinado), cantidad liberada, distancia del sitio de liberación desde la playa, época del año, temperatura del agua, clima y corrientes oceánicas. El petróleo que llega al mar se evapora o es degradado lentamente por bacterias. Los hidrocarburos orgánicos volátiles del petróleo matan inmediatamente varios animales, especialmente en sus formas larvales.Otras sustancias químicas permanecen en la superficie y forman burbujas flotantes que cubren las plumas de las aves que se zambullen, lo cual destruye el aislamiento térmico natural y hace que se hundan y mueran. Los componentes pesados del petróleo que se depositan al fondo del mar pueden matar a los animales que habitan en las profundidades como cangrejos, ostras, etc., o los hacen inadecuados para el consumo humano.La acidificación de las aguas de lagos, ríos y mares dificulta el desarrollo de vida acuática en estas aguas, lo que aumenta en gran medida la mortandad de peces. Igualmente, afecta directamente a la vegetación, por lo que produce daños importantes en las zonas forestales.La lluvia ácida, por su carácter corrosivo, corroe a las construcciones y a las infraestructuras
NOTA:Usar y desperdiciar menos petróleo. Colectar aceites usados en automóviles y reprocesarlos para el reuso. Prohibir la perforación y transporte de petróleo en áreas ecológicamente sensibles y cerca de ellas. Aumentar en alto grado la responsabilidad financiera de las compañías petroleras para limpiar los derrames de petróleo. Requerir que las compañías petroleras pongan a prueba rutinariamente a sus empleados. Reglamentar estrictamente los procedimientos de seguridad y operación de las refinerías y plantas. Tratar el petróleo derramado con sustancias químicas dispersantes rociadas desde aviones. Usar helicóptero con láser para quemar los componentes volátiles del petróleo. Usar barreras mecánicas para evitar que el petróleo llegue a la playa. Bombear la mezcla petróleo - agua a botes pequeños llamados "espumaderas", donde máquinas especiales separan el petróleo del agua y bombean el primero a tanques de almacenamiento. Aumentar la investigación del gobierno en las compañíaspetroleras sobre los métodos para contener y limpiar derrames de petróleo.
NOTA:La lluvia ácida se forma cuando la humedad en el aire se combina con el óxido de nitrógeno y el dióxido de azufre emitidos por fábricas, centrales eléctricas y vehículos que queman carbón o productos derivados del petróleo. En interacción con el vapor de agua, estos gases forman ácido sulfúrico y ácidos nítricos. Finalmente, estas sustancias químicas caen a la tierra acompañando a las precipitaciones, constituyendo la lluvia ácida.
NOTA:Agentes patógenos.- Bacterias, virus, protozoarios, parásitos que entran al agua provenientes de desechos orgánicos. estas bacterias, pueden agotar el oxígeno del agua, matando así las formas de vida acuáticas. Sustancias químicas inorgánicas.- Acidos, compuestos de metales tóxicos (Mercurio, Plomo), envenenan el agua. plantas acuáticas que después mueren y se descomponen, agotando el oxígeno del agua y de este modo causan la muerte de las especies marinas (zona muerta). Sustancias químicas orgánicas.- Petróleo, plásticos, plaguicidas, detergentes que amenazan la vida. Sustancias radiactivas que pueden causar defectos congénitos y cáncer. Calor.Ingresos de agua caliente que disminuyen el contenido de oxígeno y hace a los organismos acuáticos muy vulnerables. Las fuentes puntuales descargan contaminantes en localizaciones específicas a través de tuberías y alcantarillas.Fábricas, plantas de tratamiento de aguas negras, minas, pozos petroleros, etc. Las fuentes no puntuales son grandes áreas de terreno que descargan contaminantes al agua sobre una región extensa.Vertimiento de sustancias químicas,a tierras fertiles Contaminación De Ríos Y desechos para remover los fosfatos provenientes de las plantas industriales
NOTA:Contaminación Térmica De Corrientes Fluviales Y Lagos Los peces adaptados a una temperatura particular pueden morir por choque térmico (cambio drástico de temperatura del agua).Contaminación Del OcéanoEl océano es actualmente el "basurero del mundo", lo cual traerá efectos negativos en el futuro.La mayoría de las áreas costeras del mundo están contaminadas debido sobretodo a las descargas de aguas negras, sustancias químicas, basura, desechos radiactivos, petróleo y sedimentos. Los mares más contaminados los Delfines, leones marinos y tortugas de mar, mueren cuando ingieren o se quedan atrapados por tazas, bolsas, sogas y otras formas de basura plástica arrojadas al mar.
NOTA:Escapes o fugas de sustancias químicas desde tanques de almacenamiento subterráneo. Infiltración de sustancias químicas orgánicas y compuestos tóxicos desde rellenos sanitarios, tiraderos abandonados de desechos peligrosos y desde lagunas para almacenamiento de desechos industriales localizados por arriba o cerca de los acuíferos. Infiltración accidental en los acuíferos desde los pozos utilizados para inyección de gran parte de los desechos peligrosos profundamente bajo tierra. Métodos De Prevención:Prohibir la disposición de desechos peligrosos en rellenos sanitarios por inyección en pozos profundos. Monitorear los acuíferos. Disponer controles más estrictos sobre la aplicación de plaguicidas y fertilizantes. Requerir que las personas que usan pozos privados para obtener agua de beber hagan que se examine ese líquido una vez al año. NOTA: Aguas De Desecho En muchos PSD y en algunas partes de los PD, las aguas negras y los desechos industriales no son tratados. En vez de eso, son descargados en la vía de agua más cercana o en lagunas de desechos donde el aire, luz solar y los microorganismos degradan los desechos. El agua permanece en una de esas lagunas durante 30 días. Luego, es tratada con cloro y bombeada para uso en una ciudad o en granjas. En los PD, la mayor parte de los desechos de las fuentes puntuales se depuran en grados variables. En áreas rurales y suburbanas las aguas negras de cada casa generalmente son descargadas en una fosa séptica.En las áreas urbanas de los PD, la mayoría de los desechos transportados por agua desde las casas, empresas, fábricas y el escurrimiento de las lluvias, fluyen a través de una red de conductos de alcantarillado, y van a plantas de tratamiento de aguas de desecho. Algunas ciudades tienen sistemas separados para el desagüe pluvial, pero en otros los conductos para estos dos sistemas están combinados, ya que esto resulta más barato. Cuando las intensas lluvias ocasionan que los sistemas de alcantarillado combinados se derramen, ello descarga aguas negras no tratadas directamente a las aguas superficiales.Cuando las aguas negras llegan a una planta de tratamiento, pueden tener hasta tres niveles de purificación. El tratamiento primario de aguas negras es un proceso para separar desechos como palos, piedras y trapos.El tratamiento secundario de aguas negras es un proceso biológico que utiliza bacterias aerobias.
NOTA:El tratamiento avanzado de aguas negras es una serie de procesos químicos y físicos especializados, que disminuye la cantidad de contaminantes específicos que quedan todavía después del tratamiento primario y secundario.Antes de que el agua sea descargada desde una planta de tratamiento de aguas negras se desinfecta. El método usual es la cloración . Otros desinfectantes son el ozono, peróxido de hidrógeno y luz ultravioleta. El tratamiento común de las aguas negras ha ayudado a reducir la contaminació del agua de la superficie, pero los ambientalistas señalan que es un método de salida limitado e imperfecto, que eventualmente es sobrepasado por más personas que producen más desechos.El tratamiento de aguas negras produce un lodo viscoso tóxico, que se debe disponer o reciclar como fertilizante para el terreno. Antes de su aplicación el lodo debe ser calentado para matar las bacterias nocivas. NOTA:Eliminar la descarga de contaminantes tóxicos a las aguas costeras. Utilizar sistemas separados de eliminación y conducción de aguas pluviales y aguas negras. Usar y desperdiciar menos agua potable. Prohibir que se tiren al mar los sedimentos de las aguas negras y los materiales peligrosos de dragados. Proteger las áreas de costa que ya están limpias. Reducir la dependencia sobre el petróleo. Usar los métodos indicados para evitar la contaminación por petróleo. Prohibir el arrojar artículos de plástico y basura desde las embarcaciones de transporte marítimo. Mejorar en alto grado las capacidades para limpiar los derrames de petróleo. Mejorar todas las plantas costeras de tratamiento de aguas negras. microbiológica Se refiere a la producida por las descargas de aguas servidas en el suelo, cursos superficiales o subterráneos de agua sucia. Puede ser causa de enfermedades.
Contaminación del suelo...
NOTA: El crudo contiene miles de compuestos químicos diferentes que varían dependiendo de la procedencia del mismo. La mayoría de los compuestos que se encuentran en el petróleo son hidrocarburos, que llegan a suponer entre el 50% y el 98% de la composición. También se encuentranconcentraciones variables de metales pesados como vanadio, níquel, cobre y hierro. Otros importantes pero menores constituyentes son el sulfuro, el nitrógeno y el oxígeno.La contaminación del suelo es la presencia de compuestos químicos hechos por el hombre u otra alteración al ambiente natural del suelo. Esta contaminación generalmente aparece al producirse una ruptura de tanques de almacenamiento subterraneo, aplicación de pesticidas, filtraciones de rellenos sanitarios o de acumulación directa de productos industriales. Los químicos más comunes incluyen hidrocarburos de petróleo, disolventes, pesticidas y otros metales pesados. Este fenómeno está estrechamente relacionado con el grado de industrialización e intensidad del uso de químicos. En lo concerniente a la contaminación de suelos su riesgo es primariamente de salud, de forma directa y al entrar en contacto con fuentes de agua potable. La delimitación de las zonas contaminadas y la resultante limpieza de esta son tareas que consumen mucho tiempo y dinero, requiriendo extensas habilidades de geología, hidrografía, química y modelos a computadora.
NOTA:Las intensidades de las lluvias ácidas actuales se relacionan con las actividades industriales, principalmente con las emisiones de las centrales térmicas y con las producidas por la combustión de hidrocarburos que llevan S, N, Cl, etc. También tienen cierta importancia los procesos de desnitrificación de fertilizantes añadidos a los suelos en dosis excesiva y los procesos naturales similares que se producen en las zonas de manglares, arrozales, volcanes, etc. Actualmente se concentran en los países de mayor desarrollo económico, pero progresivamente se están extendiendo a otras áreas. La contaminación de suelos y acuiferos por los fertilisantes y pestisidas empleados en la agricultura es de este tipo. También es difusa la contaminación de los suelos cuando la lluvia arrastra hasta allí contaminantes atmosféricos, como pasa con la lluvia acida Esto afecta a ciertas especies animales y vegetales, modifica la composición de los suelos y desgata los monumentos y el exterior de los edificios.
NOTA:La acidificación de los suelos tienen los siguientes efectos:Reduce los nutrientes al variar su ciclo.Provoca la movilización de elementos tóxicos como el aluminio (soluble a pH<4.2).Incrementa de la movilidad de metales pesados.Provoca variaciones en la composición y estructura de la microflora y microfauna.Las actividades mineras provocan generalmente fuertes impactos ambientales, con destrucción de los suelos naturales y creación de nuevos suelos (Antrosoles) que presentan fuertes limitaciones físicas, químicas y biológicas que dificultan la reinstalación de vegetación.en lo que se refiere a enfermedades profesionales conocidas desde antiguo como la silicosis, la asbestosis, el saturnismo y el mercurialismo.concentraciones anómalas de metales pesados
NOTA:Por contaminación por emisión de partículas sólidas, gases y ruidos.Las partículas sólidas se producen en las aperturas de huecos (voladuras) y transporte de menas y estériles (parte del subsuelo que no contiene material explotable), fundamentalmente. Solamente son molestas para personas con problemas respiratorios y para los árboles. Para paliar este impacto, se debe tener la zona en estado ligeramente húmedo. Para ello se ha de proceder a una revegetación rápida de las zonas que se abandonan las actividades de forma permanente o temporal y la formación de pantallas arbóreas que capten el polvo en las proximidades de los focos de producción.Gases, generalmente compuestos de azufre, que se advierten fundamentalmente en las explotaciones abandonadas. Ruidos, debidos a las voladuras, camiones, tractores, escabadoras, etc. Evidentemente, los que más sufren sus efectos son los propios trabajadores de la cantera, ya que la lejanía de las minas con respecto a los núcleos de población, hace que desde éstos los ruidos sean imperceptibles o que lleguen muy amortiguados por la distancia. Para eliminarlos lo principal es introducir barreras sónicas con pantallas naturales o artificiales.
NOTA:Escasez o desequilibrio en el contenido de los nutrientes fundamentales. Dado que la actividad biológica está fuertemente reducida. Se presentan fuertes carencias de los principales elementos biogénicos: C, N y P.Baja capacidad de cambio. Producida por la ausencia de materia orgánica evolucionada y la escasez de fracción arcilla.Baja retención de agua. Debido a las ausencias de los materiales dotados de propiedades coloidales citados en el punto anterior, y también por efecto de la ausencia de estructura.Presencia de compuestos tóxicos, que impiden o cuando menos dificultan la rápida colonización de los depósitos.Resumiendo, las actividades mineras causan intensas modificaciones en los suelos que conllevan frecuentemente a su total destrucción, dejando los materiales con unas limitaciones tan severas que generalmente se han de tomar medidas correctoras para recuperar, por lo menos en parte, la capacidad productiva.Los plaguicidas no solo actúan sobre las plagas, sino que afectan indiscriminadamente a todos los organismos. El efecto es una esterilización parcial del suelo, que tarda meses o años en recobrar el nivel de equilibrio climácico en las poblaciones de microorganismos. Muchas veces, incluso, puede producirse la proliferación de plagas por eliminación de sus competidores naturales (Efecto boomerang).
NOTA:EFECTOS DEL PETRÓLEO SOBRE LA SALUD...El crudo contiene miles de compuestos químicos diferentesCausa irritación en la piel, ojos y parte superior del tracto respiratorio.Benceno: Puede entrar en el cuerpo vía el tracto respiratorio, el tractogastrointestinal o a través de la piel. 20%-40% lo absorben por la piel.
NOTA:El smog es un problema en una gran cantidad de ciudades y continúa dañando la salud humana. El dióxido de azufre, el dióxido de nitrógeno y el monóxido de carbono son especialmente dañinos para personas en edad avanzada, niños y personas con problemas cardiacos o pulmonares como enfisema, bronquitis y asma. Puede inflamar las vías respiratorias, disminuyendo la capacidad de trabajo de los pulmones. Causa falta de aliento y dolor cuando se inhala fuertemente, así como tos y silbidos de las vías respiratorias. También causa irritaciones en los ojos y en la nariz; y seca las membranas protectoras de mucosa de la nariz y la garganta, interfiriendo con la habilidad del cuerpo para luchar contra las enfermedades; y por lo tanto, incrementando la susceptibilidad a las enfermedades.cargado de componentes dañinos para todos los seres vivos y diversos materiales.Surge de las reacciones de óxidos de nitrógeno, hidrocarburos y oxígeno con la energía proveniente de la radiación solar ultravioleta. Mayores exposiciones depresión, dolores de cabeza,vértigo y nauseas. cancerígeno para el ser humano frecuencia de leucemias,embarazadas, el benceno se acumula en el suministro sanguíneo del feto.
ya que cada dia que pasa la contaminación en todo el mundo perjudica la salud,el clima ...y las economías de cada pais estan perdiendo miles de millones de dólares en ahorro energetico y todo lo que de ello se deriva los más pobres seran los mas beneficiados ...los goviernos y tambien todas las empresas de todo el mundo ya que tambien es urgente y necesario para el futuro de nuestras proximas generaciones lo mas importante no es quien sea yo sino quien aga algo urgente para una solucion al problema.... la proteccion de nuestro planeta y la economia mundial...
Mis unicas condiciones para enviarle mi propuesta o proyecto al sr. presidente barak obama... es que me envie un un mensaje y un video personal afirmando que el tomara una desision y me hara saber personalmente su respuesta y o envie a un representante y un experto e ingeniero en electricidad hidraulica y un disenador grafico interactivo para una entrevista ....... la segunda condicion que este proyecto sea principalmente en benefisio de las familias y los mas nesecitados y no solo en venefisio de empresas,multinacionales ,companias inversionistas ,grupos o privados la 3 tercera condicion y los mas importante que nada. proteger nuestro planeta ya que es nuestra unica casa en medio del universo y de llevarse acabo mi propuesta generaciones futuras se lo agradeceran por haber usted tomado una desicion correcta sr.presidente barak obama... pero antes que nada quisiera presentarle una posible solución al aumento del nivel del mar por el deshielo de los glaciares y el cambio climatico...
continue en el blog de abajo
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June 18, 2009 - Thursday
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Current mood: happy
Category: News and Politics
Spanish protegiendo las costas del mundo ...
para la persona a quien corresponda este mensaje y paso a lo siguiente...
nota del periodico miami herald usa. el derretimiento del Artico, ya preocupante, se aceleró durante este verano boreal, una señal de advertencia que según algunos científicos, significaría que el recalentamiento global se agrava. Un científico especuló incluso que el mar congelado desaparecerá durante el verano en cinco años. La capa de hielo que cubre Groenlandia perdió casi 19,000 millones de toneladas más por derretimiento en comparación con el récord anterior y el volumen del hielo en el Artico al final del verano era la mitad de lo que había hace apenas cuatro años, según datos de un satélite de la NASA y obtenidos por Associated Press. miami herald. 1: opsion... redusir al minimo las emisiones de gases contaminantes en todo el mundo en los proximos anos para evitar el calentamiento gloval y la casi destrucion de la ya afectada capa de ososno...... nota: la opsion mas difisil y complicada de llevar acavo en los proximos anos por la repercusion economica mundial....... 2:opsion.... construir miles de kilometros de varricadas en todas la ciudades costeras e islas del mundo y en los lugares donde mas se necesite para evitar que el agua penetre.....nota la inversion de emergencia y prevencion mas costosa para los paises del mundo.sin contar con su mantenimiento economico ...
3:opsion...mi propuesta....seria el siguiente todo defenido en una sola frase enviar el agua del mar asia dentro de los continenetes
ya que muchas costas y sus playas del mundo se veran inundadas por el crecimiento del mar en las proximas decadas en todo el mundo....... y en usa. principalmente las costas de la florida construir barricadas costaria decenas de millones de dolares y aun sin contar con los efectos ala flora y fauna los animales y el dano a las ciudades costeras sus playas carreteras e infraestructura..... ya que tambien tendria algun tipo de repercusion en el clima mundialmente .... pero como dise un dicho mas vale que sobre y no que falte y si sobra agua en los oceanos se podria aprovechar de la siguiente manera ........ 1: opsion construir miles de kilometros de acueductos al menor costo minimo bombear el agua acia los deciertos mas cercanos de las costas..... y asi de esa manera tambien parar su avanse ya que solo comvierten el suelo en infertil, sequia y contrivulle al calentamiento gloval los desiertos............... y o abrir canales junto al mar o construir kilometros de acueductos para asi yevar el agua asia las montanas ,valles, cuencas, hondonadas. asia sonas inavitables sercanas al mar construir barricadas.represas para almasenar el agua en en esos lugares osea crear grandes lagos salados o pequenos mares ejem.pg.web...Gran Lago Salado - Wikipedia, la enciclopedia libre ...... y en ellos crear grandes vancos. criaderos de miles de millones de peces PISCICULTORA peces que se puedan adaptarse a ese nuevo ambiente informacion sobre sistemas criaderos de peses pg. web. informacion inportante de grupos de piscipicultura en diferentes paises Mare-Mar informacion pg.web Estanques y Peces ::. Nuestro criadero para tambien llevar el agua asia los mares. lagos y otros lugares . que se estan secando en todo el mundo ejemplos... 1 Origen y crear alrededor de estos mismos aldeas,campamentos,hoteles casas de campana para vacasionistas.pueblos.ciudades,asi se crearian miles y miles de empleos en contruccion, pesca y turismo en cada pais ...... ay tiempo sufisiente y tendremos agua de sobra y desde estos tiempos se planificarian los proyectos usando toda la tecnologia nesesaria..... ejemp... satelites .para uvicar los lugares adecuados...como por poner un 1:ejemplo ... EL GRAN CANON EN ARIZONA   climate.protect the world's coasts El Gran Cañón es inmenso. Tiene casi 200 millas de largo y 10 a 15 millas de ancho. Sus partes más profundas están en el canal de Río Colorado y miden más de una milla verticalmente (1.6 km). Las capas rocosas se crearon en el fondo de un vasto mar hace millones de años, cuando se acumularon más de una milla de depósitos sedimentarios. Más tarde, el choque de las placas tectónicas elevó toda la región miles de pies, formando la gran meseta del Colorado que ahora yace 7000 a 9000 pies (2100 a 2750 metros) por encima del nivel del mar. El Río Colorado fue formando lentamente un cause para sus aguas y erosionó el terreno durante miles de años, atravesando numerosas capas sedimentarias. Eventualmente el río esculpió este canal de una milla de profundidad que hoy se conoce como el Gran canon......... 2:otro ejemplo:el lago okeechobee. como en estos ejemplos abria ............. sufisiente lugar para almasenar suficiente agua del mar ...................asi de esa manera en todos los continentes del mundo con el apoyo y compromiso de todos los goviernos del mundo y poder llevarlo acavo empesando en usa........... ya que la florida usa . es uno de los primeros lugares en correr grandes riesgos y millones en perdidas al igual que en el mundo entero .........................por lo menos se extrairia un 15% a 35% por ciento del agua de los ocenos de ese metro o menos que creseria en las proximas decadas con el derretimiento de los glasiares en las siguientes decadas ..........enviar el agua asia tierra adentro...... no seria el mejor proyecto o propuesta ,,,,,,,,,,, pero si una mejor opsion... para poder tener una solusion al problema....... o por lo menos evitar el dano alas ciudades costeras evitando demasiado el crecimiento del agua en los oceanos................ya que tambien esa agua almasenada en los lugares asignados serviria para un futuro en las diferentes sonas de todos los paises para crear agua potable para beber..... inf. pg web... NOTA :IMPORTANTE COMO EJEMPLO:DE CANTIDADES DE AGUA BOMBEADA POR SOLO 3 BOMBAS..PG.WEB 3.2 Bombeo del lago En respuesta, el estado de Utah ideo y construyó un proyecto de bombeo sobre el lado occidental del lago, en donde se estableció una estación de bombeo llamada Hogup Ridge, que contiene tres bombas con una capacidad combinada de bombear 1,5 millones de galones por minuto; un canal de desagüe de 4,1 millas y un canal de entrada, permiten que el agua bombeada regrese al lago. En el final de su primer año en funcionamiento, las bombas habían lanzado alrededor de 0,6km³ de EN 10 ANOS CON SOLO 3 BOMBAS DE ESTE TIPO SE ABRIAN EXTRAIDO DEL MAR 60 mil millones de metros cúbicos.................1 km3 = 109 m3 = 1.000.000.000 m3 EN ESTOS MOMENTOS YA SE CUENTA CON LA TECNOLOGIA NESESARIA PARA CONSTRUIR GIGANTES Y POTENTES BOMBAS DE AGUA CON MAS CAPASIDAD DE BOMBEO........ inmaginemos estas montanas y lugares deserticos para llevar el agua del mar ... a todos los CONTINENTES Y lugares disponibles en todo el mundo en lugar de arides y sequedad..... CON TAN SOLO QUITARLE 15% a 35% a MENOS DE MEDIO METRO AL NIVEL DEL MAR ..................................... LAS CIUDADES DE LAS COSTAS NO SE VERIAN AFECTADAS EN LOS PROXIMOS 80 O A 200 ANOS YA QUE PARA ESE ENTONSES EL MUNDO TAMBIEN YA ABRIA DEJADO DE CONTAMINAR DEMASIADO Y EL CLIMA MUNDIAL IRIA REGRESANDO ASU ESTADO NORMAL ASI COMO EL MAR MANTENDRIA SU MISMO NIVEL EN EL FUTURO.....COMO EJEMPLO ABAJO... SONAS DESAVITADAS DON DE SE LLEVARIA EL AGUA DEL MAR... climate.protect the world's coasts despues de llevar el agua del mar en las proximas decadas asi quedarian algunos lugares donde abria una nueva vida........pesca turismo, nuevos pueblos aldeas y ciudades alrededor,y eso crearia miles y miles de empleos en la construcion y turismo en cada pais ya que donde ay aguaaaaaaaaaa ay vida......
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