Christmas Traditions Around the World
(Some of these traditions are dated, but I found each one fascinating)
Parliament Hill, Ottawa
Canada - Merry Christmas
1- Dutch - Vrolijk Kerstfeest
The children set their shoes by the fireplace. The shoes are filled with hay and carrots for the horse Sinterklaas rides through the streets on St. Nicholas Eve. The children sing a song about how much they hope the cold, wet, foggy weather will not keep Sinterklaas away that night. Then they tell their parents how well, or how badly, they have behaved throughout the past year. When well-behaved children awake in the morning, their shoes are filled with nuts, candy, and other surprises.
2- Chinese - (Mandarin) Kung His Hsin Nien bing Chu Shen Tan
On Christmas Eve, Christian children in China hang up their muslin stockings that are specially made so Dun Che Lao Ren, or "Christmas Old Man," can fill them with wonderful gifts. Santa Claus may also be called Lan Khoong-Khoong, "Nice Old Father."
3- French - Joyeux Noël
If any children did not leave their shoes out to be filled with gifts by Pere Noel on St. Nicholas Eve, they leave them out on Christmas Eve to be filled by Pere Noel or the Baby Jesus. Before going to bed, some families leave food and a candle burning, in case Mary passes by with the Christ Child. In homes that have a Christmas tree, Pere Noel hangs little toys, candies, and fruits on the tree's branches for the sleeping children.
4- German - Fröhliche Weihnachten
Under the Christmas tree, the family arranges a manger scene to depict the stable that Jesus was born in. Parents may also pile presents from the Christ Child beneath the Christmas tree's richly decorated boughs. Just after dark, a bell rings, and the excited children run into the room to see the beautiful lighted tree in all its glory. The family members exchange gifts, recite poems, and sing Christmas carols “Silent Night, Holy Night”. " is an old German favorite. Then everyone enjoys a Christmas feast of roast goose, turkey, or duck.
In some parts of Germany, families still follow an old tradition. The children leave their shoes outside the front door. These shoes are filled with carrots and hay to feed St. Nicholas' horse as he rides by. If the children were good all year, St. Nicholas leaves apples, nuts, and candy for them.
5- Irish - Nollaig Shona Dhuit
Lighted candles are placed in windows on Christmas Eve, as a guide that Joseph and Mary might be looking for shelter. The candles are usually red in color, and decorated with sprigs of holly. Children often put out Christmas sacks instead of stockings.
It is tradition to leave mince pies and a bottle of Guinness out as a snack for Santa.
6- Italian - Buon Natale!

Children in Italy hang up their stockings on the Feast of the Epiphany, January 6. They celebrate the visit of the Three Kings to Bethlehem. Instead of Santa Claus, children are expecting Befana.She is a witch-like character who rides around on a broom. Thelegend is that the Three Wise Men, I re magi, stopped at Befana's hut to askdirections on their way to Bethlehem and asked her to join them. Shesaid no, she was too busy. Later a shepherd asked her to join him inpaying respect to the Baby Jesus. Again, Befana said no. Later when itwas dark and she saw a great light in the skies, she thought perhapsshe should have gone with the Wise Men. So, she gathered some toysthat had belonged to her own baby, who had died, and ran to find thekings and the shepherd. But Befana could not find them or the stable.Now, each year she looks for the Christ Child. And each year sinceshe cannot find him, she leaves the gifts for the good children of Italyand pieces of charcoal for the bad ones..
7- Portuguese - Feliz Natal!
Lisbon Portugal
Some families will open the presents (that are displayed around the Christmas tree) on Christmas Eve around midnight. Others open them in the morning of the 25th, Christmas Day. Some families put one shoe ("sapatinho") of each child next to the chimney (since most of the kitchens in Portugal have one) or next to the fireplace instead of a stocking.
8- Swedish - God Jul
After dinner on Christmas Eve, the Christmas tree lights are lit. Then the Jultomten, the tiny Christmas gnome, comes on a sleigh drawn by the Christmas goat, Julbokar. In some families, a friend or family member dresses up in a red robe and wears a long white beard to bring toys for the children. In other families, the Jultomten's gifts are left beneath the tree. After the gifts are opened, the family dances around the tree singing a special song.
9- Spanish - Feliz Navidad
Madrid Spain - Pac Man
Children believe that on Epiphany Eve, January 5, the Three Kings travel through Spain on their way to Bethlehem. That night children set out their shoes filled with straw for the Three Kings' camels. The Kings, passing in the night, fill the shoes with gifts. The next day, families enjoy a feast of almond soup, turkey, and roasted chestnuts. Sweets include a special nougat candy called turron and Kings' cake. A small prize baked in the cake brings luck to the person who finds it.
In some villages on Epiphany, January 6, children march out to the city gates carrying special cakes for the Three Kings and other foods for their servants and camels. They are hoping to meet the Three Kings on their way to the Holy Land. Always disappointed in their hopes, the children eat the good things they have brought with them. Then they are directed by their parents to the nacimiento in the village church. There they find the Three Kings presenting gifts to the Christ Child in a manger.
10- Welsh - Nadolig Llawen
These days, Christmas celebrations in Wales are similar to those in the rest of Britain. In the days before Christmas a small tree is decorated with lights and hung with trinkets, and paper decorations often festoon rooms of the house (decorating a Christmas tree is a relatively recent fashion, imported from Germany in the 19th century). Gifts are exchanged on Christmas Day and the main meal traditionally consists of roast turkey with a range of vegetables, followed by a Christmas pudding.
11- Hawaiian: Mele Kalikimaka
Children expect Menehune Santa to arrive with presents in his Christmas tree boat or red canoe, dressed for the weather in shorts and Hawaiian shirt. His elves are said to paddle the boat to shore.
12- Eskimo: (inupik) Jutdlime pivdluarit ukiortame pivdluaritlo!
In Alaska an Eskimo Christmas is celebrated in my small fishing and hunting village (population 150) in traditional Eskimo and Christian ways. Christmas trees are most likely to be artificial, since there are no trees in or near our village.
Coloured lights shining through the windows and around doorways look festive on dark, snowy days. Catalogues become very important for ordering gifts. Since the mail system to the village is unreliable though, gifts aren't always ready and under the tree for Christmas day.
Like birthdays, the holiday may be a week's rather than a one-day event. Most villagers gather in the school gym on Christmas day for a traditional feast. Maktak (raw whale meat), Beluga whale, caribou, seal, owl, nigiglik (duck), ptarmigan, polar bear, and walrus are featured along with the newcomers, roast turkey and stuffing. Eskimo doughnuts and Eskimo ice cream make a fine completion for the meal.
13- Icelandic: Gledileg Jol
Christmas in Iceland is an interesting experience as this country has many old traditions for celebrating Christmas. Expect no fewer than 13 Icelandic Santa Clauses! In Iceland they are called jólasveinar ("Yuletide Lads"; singular: jólasveinn). Their parents are Grýla, a mean old woman who drags off naughty children, and Leppalúði, who is not as mean. The origin of these "Santas" is centuries old, and each has its own name, character and role.
Nowadays during Christmas in Iceland, their function is to come to town bearing gifts and candy (and a prank or two). The first jólasveinn arrives 13 days before Christmas and then the others follow, one each day. After Christmas, they leave one by one. The Icelandic Christmas season lasts 26 days.
A special Icelandic custom for children is to put a shoe in the window from December 12 until Christmas Eve. If they have been good, one of the "Santas" leaves a gift - bad children receive a potato.