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History Notes:
Notes on Columbus:
The story was not written by
Columbus himself
Marco polo’s book of Asia was
published and told of tales of great imagination
The renaissance just happened
Technology
just improved in that time period
Prince Henry the navigator thought
of technology, and better ways to map the seas and continent of
Africa
Vasco de capo does the same as
Henry but keeps going to and makes it to India
The idea of god, glory, and gold
The crusades were going on
Most of the men were looking for
the paradise land
The Spanish finally beat the moors
out of Spain
Inquisition in Spain tried to kick
out the Jews or make them covert
The pope divided the world in
half which later became South America
He was around and asked everyone
about it and sold himself to the highest bidder and would do
anything to get the founding.
He has had experience in sailing
and knew how to be a good sailor and surviving
And he had miss information about
how far it was
Most Europeans believed that the
world was round he was the one that was brave enough and had the
most information on it
The technology was available at
the time of his journey so he could do it
He also had a plan were he would
take the wind currents from the canary islands to the new land
Columbus brought syphilis to the
native Americans and the common cold
Cultures of the United States:
Native Americans came from
northern china, Mongolia roughly around 30,000 B.C.
They first migrated south from
Canada then to California and then some migrated east towards the
east coast and some went even further south to south America
They followed the herd for food so
when the herd moved they moved
Blend of western African Native
American and European culture.
Natives good at agricultural
farming and growing food
Spain shows up and chops down oak
trees and kill of the Natives there in California.
The Natives also gave us Arts and
Crafts
The natives gave us four
structures: teepee, longhouses, igloos, and adobes
The Natives gave us good hunting
tips
The Natives had tribal of elders
and some on the eastern are martial lineal and run by women
Confederation is a loose
association against small tribes
A caucus is a political meeting
The mound builders are actually
called the Hopewell people or the Adina people from two thousand
years ago and stretched from Indiana to West Virginia
Hernando Desoto almost discovered
all the continental united states and killed almost all of them
because of the common cold
The Mississippians’, these are
the south east tribes. Who were also mound builders and built mounds
in square.
Arizona, New Mexico, Colorado, and
Utah. Four corners.
African American:
They are slaves that were imported
for French British and Spanish colony’s
3 million slaves imported but
250000 died on the ship before they got their
Jamaica received half a million
slave
1716 to 1766 70000 come to America
1776 to 1800 by law of congress
makes importing slaves illegal
Importation 1.81 million slaves
into the nation
More than 20 million slaves
imported into South America most of them died
Triangular trade is a trade
exchange between Europe, Africa and the Americas.
The triangular trade was created
because each area needed something from each other so they used it
plus also supply and demand
Africa change the trade from
selling gold and salt to selling Slavery all because Pissarro and
Cortez found gold in South American
England is a mercantilist nation
(a nation based trade) king as absolute control over trade. Colonies
exist only to provided raw materials to the country
The trade system was old and new
Africa old trade Americas new
Africa sold their own people
because they sold the prisoners of war and eliminated rivals and
they were already trading partners so if they needed money so you
need something new they get it, but the great kingdom is going down
and there is a break down and some of them are not selling of their
own kind
African slavery is nothing like
American slavery
They didn’t send any letters
either because they didn’t know how to write or it would have been
in Arabic.
Seasoning- a term applied to
dehumanized African slaves in the Caribbean before they were
transported to their final destination.
It made them know that nothing
ever good would ever happen to them
Many of the 4 million Africans did
run away or just sat there and died or even mutinied
African American brought music to
us and musical instruments as well
Gave us double speaking , and
Ebonics is inner city
They believe there culture
Find a chart on the colonies on
whites founded, important person, when founded
Spanish in America
The mission of the missionaries
was to bring the word of the lord to the natives
Seen as a humanitarian way to
bring the lord to the people
The Spanish came as single men
So the breed between natives and
Spanish happened.
Why the British came
They came to trade they wanted
what the other people had
They came to claim more territory
Came to get religious freedom
And because the French did it to
And looking for the north west
passage
Chapter 3:
In 1580 Sir Humphrey Gilbert
Founded New Found Land but dies in attempt and
Half brother Raleigh 1590 Founded
Roanoke island but colony disappears
First colony in north America –sir
Humphrey first colony in America- Raleigh
Jamestown named after King James
and is the first stable colony
1619- First African Americans were
brought by the British, the first legislature in a British colony,
and the first women born
Average age of the population is
16 years old
James Town 1607
Corporation a profit making
enterprise where a group invests money in a company to make a
profit.
These people were looking for gold
and spices for money.
Got a grant to find a spot on
America for one purpose for making money.
They only came to collect riches.
Jamestown is located at a place
called the dismal swap.
When winter hit they have no
shelter to protect from the cold. No food stored for the winter, and
the people there were already sick all the time and they had disease
and spread around this was known as the
Capitan john smith was the man who
took control of the colony for the greater good.
Founded for corporate greed.
Plymouth colony
Massachusetts
Royal colony which means their
doing it from the king and the king owns it.
Pilgrim- a specific group of
puritans that migrated for England to Holland to America
Puritan- people who wanted to
purify the Church of England. (Anglican) they don’t want to leave
it they just want to change it.
Separatist- puritans that see no
way of staying with the church and leave the church completely and
split it up.
They came to Plymouth on the may
flower.
The Mayflower compact: were
suppose to make them act together and work together
A city on a hill
John Winthrop founder, the
puritans wanted to create a utopia in Massachusetts
A sin among us is a sin against or
individual soul
They were already chosen by birth
and everyone else is not
Through their good works is how
they showed they were
New England:
Thanksgiving
Thanksgiving was made by Abraham
Lincoln to win the re election in 1863
The natives at first were ok with
the white people at first but started to get annoyed
1621 they did have a picnic in
July with family of whites and native
Designed as a day of prayer not a
feast
Religion in the colony
The middle colony seem to be the
most diverse in churches
The Congregationalist seem to be
the most popular church throughout America
The southern colony is primarily
Anglican
Several different catholic
division
Protestant has only one division
Rhode Island
Roger Williams is kicked out of
Massachusetts in 1635
Wants to pay natives for taking
land
Another idea is Separation of
church and state
We shouldn’t force our religion
on other people was another idea
Anna Hutchison also got kicked out
of Massachusetts to Rhode island
Mother of fourteen children and
is a puritan
Holds private sessions to discus
bible in her house with women and gentlemen and without a minister
Says that she talked to god and
he talks back and she says that you can be saved by grace
Put here on trail vs. the best
attorneys in the state and lose and excommunicated and banned from
Massachusetts
Connecticut
Thomas Hooker lead another group
of people out of Massachusetts and founded a point in Connecticut
Fundamental Orders is a document
made up of the new colonists
Were puritans but changed it to
their ways
New York
Described as a salad bowl
Founded by the Swedish and the
Dutch
Dutch fought a war for the colony
but lost because they do not fight so England won the land
Set it up like feudalism and most
of the farmers gave up and flee
New Jersey and Delaware
Pennsylvania
Quakers are called society of
friends and believe in equality
Do not swear elegances to anyone
but god
Will not take a life, women can
make decisions, and no one minister they can listen to, and have
religious tolerance to everyone else
They discuses together even women
can speak
And they are a major impact in
Americas
Pennsylvania is owned by one man
which is William Penn
Son hangs out with the Society of
Friends
Pennsylvania was a land grant from
the king to his friend
Connecticut
New
York
Society
of Friends (Pennsylvania)
They
are all about equality, the only speak to god as a higher person
They
will not take a life, women can make decisions, and no one minister
they can listen to, and have religious tolerance to everyone else.
They
discuses together even woman can speak.
-
William
pen, William pen Jr., Jr. went to college and wastes his dads money
and starts hanging out with a weird cult, stops drinking. Stops
being a trouble maker and dad are sad.
William
pen, is friends with the king and king gave him Pennsylvania aka
pens woods
South
Carolina
Brought
slaves and shipped them from Barbados.
Whole
culture of the plantation slave industry leaves Barbados and goes to
South Carolina.
South
Carolina grows RICE! (cotton is later)
Tobacco,
rice, hemp, indigo, and most importantly cotton.
Cash
crops are crops grown for money profit.
Georgia
New England
Great fishing in the area
Crafts man ship make all sorts
leather or barrels
Since they were close to the ocean
they did trade with others around and the mother land
Puritan is Religion in New England
95% of the south are Anglican
Colonial government
Indentured servants
Indentured- a contract between two
persons in which one needs land, payments of debts, a skill, passage
to America, the other has money need for skill worker and wants to
go to America last between 4 to 14 years
Time doubled when pregnant
Can’t get married when
Indentured
Not very good servants ran away
always and
Women
Mercy Otis Warren is one of the
first historian and is a women
The first women came to Jamestown
in 1619 and the first Africans came as well and the first legislator
Age 21-23 is when the average
women marriage
At 21 is when most indentured
women were free so that is why they married
Live birth rate for women is eight
children
50 % of the children die before
age one
2.5% is an increase in population
in the colonies around the 1600-1700
1750; 1,170,800 million is the
population in 1650 50,000 population
Most colonial families are a
single family house-hold
Widowarchy- women who had many
husbands and were very wealthy.
1/3 of families had indentured
slaves that were considered part of the family
All children work from the time
they can stand up
Period of Salutary Regret
1650-1750
A period in British colonies where
they made laws regulating the colonies but didn’t enforce them
1660 navigation acts
All trade must go through British
ports
All trades with colonies must
have British crews and ships
Certain goods can only be sold to
the British or in England
No foreigners can trade with the
colonies
Individual representation
French and Indian War
Washington forced to sign a treaty
Found the fort and defeated again
General Bradic died at battle
Washington buried the body under the road and assumes control of
army
Treaty of Paris
End of French and Indian war 1763
French possession lost to British
Florida lost from Spain to
Britain n as well (because they were allies)
French Louisiana territory is
going to Spain
Results of the French and Indian
war
French never a threat in America
again
Exchange of territory are going
to change the history
We resent the British soldiers
present and there British arrogance
The British thinks America owes
for being protected and we don’t think we do
The seeds of discontent are sown
against the British
Indians can no longer use the
French and British for supply’s and peace
George Gremville is the new prime
ministers
Helped push taxes through to get
money from the colony’s
The proclamation of 1763 says for
bayed further settlement across the mountains
The officials in England are now
required to collect the taxes them self’s from the colonies
Currency Act 1764 requires that
colonial government to stop printing money
Sugar Act 1764 is a revenue
raising act and to discourage smuggling reduces the tax on sugar
The stamp act 1765 revenue raising
act it requires that a stamp be placed on all:
The stamp act congress created to
see how they should take action against Britain
The sons of liberty created and
burned down stamp collectors house
Lord Rockingham repels stamp act
and use the
The tea act
Too much tea on the market and
price had gone down
They reduced the tax on tea
They gave an absolute monopoly to
East Indian Trading Company
Boston Tea Party
Boston port act
Massachusetts Act
The Murder Act
Quartering Act
Quebec Act
They gave Quebec area all around
the west area of colonies to the pacific
Our fur trading region became
Quebec’s region
Gives right of self government to
Quebec but takes away ours
Grants them religious freedom
First Continental Congress
Rights and Grievances to the king
They plan a economic boycott on
British imports
Everyone is sent to their homes
and original colonies, and boycott
Committee of observation/Committee
of safety
Committee of correspondence
Thomas Jefferson, John Adams,
John Hancock, and most of these kinds of people just right letters
to each other. They have intellectual discussion about the letter.
Common people read pamphlets on
the revolution
Thomas Paine used pamphlets to
tell people about common sense and revolution
Common sense pamphlets sells
100,000 in the first six months
Lexington and Concord
First Battle of the Revolutionary
war (the shot heard around the world)
Three riders that warned the
country side that the red coats were coming
Civil Ludington giving permission
to ride forty miles in Virginia and raise four hundred minute men
Second Continental Congress
Sends the declaration of
Independence to George the Third
Conduct the war till 1781
They right the new rules of
government in the colony’s called the “articles”
Who is on whose side?
1/5 Americans still support
Britain
2/5 American’s are neutral
The colonial army of the first two
years of the war got 90% of their ammunition from the French
Marque De Lafayette
Commanded the Americans at some
battles and the Battle of Yorktown
Has an ear to the king. He tells
the king that he should be supporting the Americans in their effort.
Helps raise money for America from
France
Hessians- Are Germanic people and
British are high ring them to fight for Britain
Britain
British have a huge navy, America
has non
We have Privateers capture over
2,000 ships and 20,000 sailors and that’s America’s Navy
John Paul Jones
Britain’s Army
Could have brought over 110,000
men at any point in time
Had 30,000 Hessian in the Army
And had 10,000 loyal Americans
Issued a Draft which broadened
the age limit, height, weight too
America’s Army
Highest point ever was 20,000 in
the Army
Militia in Army was only six
months to a year at a time
They were paid with local founds
George Washington pays the army
before they turn on him
75% of the Army didn’t even get
a penny during the war
War time
Britain controls the city’s and
We own the country side
For the British Army it took 1/3
tons for one Soldier for supply’s for a year
Britain is fighting for money
America is fighting for their life
Battle of Bunker hill is actual
called Breed’s hill and we still lose but a moral victory for us
Henry Knox in charge of artillery
in Revolution
The Northern Campaign is a group
of battles of New York City, Trenton, and Princeton
32,000 troops brought to fight
Americans under command of General Howl and Admiral Howl
Battle of Saratoga
1:20 AM
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