In the earliest days of the piano, the keys were not named after alphabet letters but rather were numbered systematically from 1 to 24. An octave of a particular note was originally perceived as a totally different tone than its root note. This concept was accepted as truth throughout the 900's till the 12th century. Pope Honorius III (1216-1227) was driven out of Rome and Emperor Frederick II (1211-1250) of Germany gathered troops to restore the Pope's power. The Emperor wanted to ensure the union of his Sicilian Kingdom and restore Imperial power from Austria to Italy. Along with him and his massive troops of thousands, was a piano and history's first road crew. Frederick was frustrated with the 24 note octave because it appeared to him that each twelfth note octave was indeed exactly the same tone, but in different positions. Eventually, Frederick boldly revised the musical octave to twelve tones with letters of the alphabet, but assigning the first repetitive octave with the letter H. His newly revised octave became A-Bf-B-C-Df-D-Ef-E-F-Gf-G-Hf-H... but even though people of the world embraced this revised 12 tone octave, the bloody war moved away from Papal disobedience and forged into a fierce battle of stubbornness and artistic revolt subtly taking form as an underground cause. Frederick's wise men knew that they had to assist their king to save face since the now lost H note was doomed forever. So they decided to CHANGE the "f" for the flat tone to an "h"... and once again revised the standard octave which then became A-Bh-B-C-Dh-D-Eh-E-F-Gh-G-Ah-A. But as War by nature confuses the masses, writing became a hurried chore and sloppiness was tolerated and overlooked by Frederick. The whole world saw his sloppy written "h" as a "b"... and to this very day we see the final musical octave revision as A-Bb-B-C-Db-D-Eb-E-F-Gb-G-Ab and A begins another octave over and over indefinitely.