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One: There can be no real separation between capitalism and the state, government and civil society. As the economist Ha-Joon Chang has pointed out in two books, the state is not a scaffolding from which capitalism breaks and becomes its own, self-sufficient thing. Capitalism has always been dependent on the state. For the past 30 years, the neoliberal idea of its independence has dominated global economic policy (in the form of the Economic Structural Adjustment Program). But with the current bailout of the banking system, the truth is way out in the open. The whole world can now see that capitalism is impossible without state support—its infrastructure, general intellect, and public resources.
Two: It has been only an advantage to the rich to make a political program out of an idea that places the individual and not the social as the source of wealth. And at the heart of that program has been the maintenance of a distinction between capitalism and socialism--capitalism, the regime of the individual, being the reality; and socialism, the regime of cooperation, being an unrealistic ideal. Socialism, however, is not exceptional or an ideal but the very state of things. Nothing is not socialism. Or better yet, nothing that is understood as human is not socialism. Because it is the condition of all human activity, socialism must be seen as either an order that benefits a few or many--and that is what it comes down to. It's not a matter of socialism and capitalism but a matter of privatized socialism of public socialism. A synthesis of the two thoughts: If we understand that capitalism can not be separated form the state, and that capitalism is nothing but a privatized socialism, then can see why, as the economist Roubini has said, our economic sitution is organized in this way: profits are privitized and losses are socialized. The part of socialism that generates wealth is the part that we call capitalism.
11:51 AM
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