This morning's In C interview: Kronos Quartet's founder and artistic director David Harrington. When was the first time you heard Terry Riley’s In C, and what was the experience like?
It was in the late 60s…the very late 60s. And I remember that I had never heard music like that before, and what was astonishing was the way nothing seemed to be happening, and yet everything was happening all at the same time, and it was just thoroughly exciting. It reminded me somewhat of hearing The Rite of Spring for the first time – it’s just this point in your life in which things don’t sound the same anymore because you’ve experienced something so powerfully. And several years later, when I heard Black Angels, I recognized that feeling again.
How has In C influenced you as a musician?
Well, there’s no way I can imagine my life, or the music of Kronos without the music of Terry Riley, and I don’t think that Terry’s music would have been the same without In C. It’s so bound up together that it’s really hard to know at this point.
It’s very interesting, I had the opportunity to introduce Henryk Gorecki to Terry Riley once, and I remember Gorecki telling Riley how when he first heard In C, it was an astonishing experience, and people were talking about it in Warsaw late into the night after hearing it for the first time. So to be there when these two masters were introduced, and talking about the experience of In C…it was a pretty great moment.
You’ve curated this incredible group of musicians for this upcoming performance. How did you find these people? How did you decide who to include? It’s got a pretty interesting instrumentation, so how did you refine that?
You ask all the difficult questions! The first thing I was thinking about was Terry himself, and his personality. Not that I know everything about his personality, but we’ve known each other for 30 years. One of the very first people I ever talked to was the Ullian pipes player, Aaron Shaw. And the reason I wanted to have uilleann pipes, was that around age 72 or something, all of a sudden, Terry Riley went to Ireland for the first time, and he discovered his “inner Irish”. In fact, he sent me an email after that, and he signed his email “Turlach O’Reilly,” spelled in a Celtic way or something. Anyway, he was really into that. So I thought, “we’ve gotta have uilleann pipes. We have to.” So it kind of started from there.
The other thing is, I wanted to somehow express something about the history of In C, so it occurred to me, well, let’s be in touch with as many of the original In C-ers as possible. So there’s musicians there that were involved in the premiere, and others that were involved in the first recording. So, that became part of the thinking.
Another thing I wanted to do was bring in some other quartets, other than Kronos. I had recently heard this marvelous recorder group from Germany called Quartet New Generation. So I just hoped they would be free, and they were able to join us.
And a few years ago, when we were playing in Tokyo, this group came up to me after our concert and handed me a CD. The first track on the CD was music by Kevin Volans that we had commissioned. And I found out that Koto Vortex (the name of this quartet) had been to a concert of ours in New York, and had heard Volan’s piece White Man Sleeps, and decided to form a group. So their group is a result of music that we had commissioned, and I knew that Terry was a fan of Volans’ music, so that seemed natural. Plus we’ve never played with kotos before, and they’re a MARVELOUS group, so it kind of worked that way.
It was really one instrument or one group at a time. So Percussion I remember years ago when they were students, they asked me to listen to them. Late one night they played this incredible John Cage piece and a David Lang piece by memory, and I was the audience! I just thought, “wow these guys are amazing, so they have to be a part of this.” So it just worked that way…it was very organic.
I didn’t want it to be symphonic, and so I felt like “OK, Kronos will take care of mainly the bowed strings contingent”, so let’s bring in lots of other elements. And the idea that Mark Stewart might invent some instruments, and that Stuart Dempster might – who knows what kind of sound devices he’ll show up with. I wanted to create this community of people that had worked with Terry, people that had worked with us, or that maybe we hadn’t had a chance to work with yet, but wanted to in the future.
Then I heard the Young People’s Chorus of New York. I heard them recently, and I was SO impressed with not only with their sound and music and all of that, but also with their conductor. I thought this guy is just an amazing person. I wanted that kind of energy. So I wanted kids! At a certain point it occurred to me, “what about Terry’s son Gyan?” I’ve known Gyan since he was about three. And then Loren Dempster, Stuart’s son – I think he’s part of Merce Cunningham’s group. It kind of began to develop like that.
At a certain point it occurred to me, well, Judy Sherman has produced a lot of our CDs, and we’ve never performed with her. She has a very beautiful speaking voice, and I’ve heard she has a great singing voice as well – we’ll find out, won’t we! I thought that would be fun. She’s produced a number of our recordings we’ve done of Terry’s music.
Then I thought, what about some composers that we’ve worked with and would be fun to play with? So I asked Osvaldo Golijov and Philip Glass.
The idea that there will be this community of people, many who we’ve known for a very long time, and some that we have not had a chance to perform with, and some people have written for us….anyway, I wanted something that I knew would be fun, and also that the resulting sound would be unlike anything we’ve ever done, or maybe a grouping of instruments and musicians that have never done In C before.
Who is performing that you’ve worked with before, and who are you looking forward to working with for the first time?
Michael Hearst is someone I’m really looking forward to perform with. Dan Zanes we’ve worked with on a recording, and I’ve admired his group. His bassist, Saskia Lane, went to preschool with my daughter! And I’ve admired what Dan has done for years now. Elena Moon Park, the other musician in his group that is joining us – she’s a wonderful violinist, and she’s also a trumpet player! She’s probably the only person I’ve ever met who can play the violin AND the trumpet in a concert. She’s going to be playing the mandolin. Sounds like Dan is going to be playing the banjo.
I mentioned Quartet New Generation…when I heard them, they were playing maybe 12 or 14 different recorders, each one of them! So there could be quite an assemblage of recorders that night.
Who have you worked with before?
We’ve worked with Wu Man, Joan La Barbara, Osvaldo…we’ve never PERFORMED with Osvaldo before. We’ve played his music for years and years. We’ve worked with Philip Glass. Jacob Garchik has been our arranger for years…he went to high school with my kids. Dennis Russell Davies conducted The Sands, which is a piece that Terry Riley wrote for us and chamber orchestra.
Can you also describe Dennis Russell Davies role in this performance?
Dennis will be the flight traffic coordinator. Terry came up with a great title for Dennis. I’m imagining that Dennis will be the outside ears that will be hearing the entire thing, and he’ll help us be sure that no one is playing too little or too much, or too loud or too soft. He’ll kind of keep track of the entire assemblage in a way that none of us will be able to.
Who else have you played with?
Lenny Pickett wrote a piece for us, but we’ve never performed with him. Scott Johnson has written many pieces for Kronos, and we’ve never performed with him. Bryce Dessner has just written a fantastic new piece for us, and we’ve never performed with him either. Evan Ziporyn has written for Kronos. There’s a lot of connections here. Margaret Leng Tan – we’re going to be performing with her next year. Kathleen Supove is someone I’ve admired for years, and now we have a chance to perform with her.
What should we expect?
Just be ready to be transported. That’s what I’m ready for!
Learn more about Kronos Quartet here, and purchase tickets to the April 24 Carnegie Hall performance here.
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