Briefing on the FEDERAL RESERVE:
        In the year 1791, Congress passed a bill backed by then Treasury Secretary Alexander Hamilton. This bill created the largest banking corporation of its time, the First National Bank of the United States. The bank was influenced by big money interest at the time and tenured by a twenty-year charter expiring in 1811. Under pressure from the American people the charter was not renewed.
        Moving forward to 1816, under the influence of big money interests once again, Congress passed another chartered bill creating the Second Bank of the United States. This bill met much opposition from the American people like the First National Bank. In 1828, President-elect Andrew Jackson led a successful campaign against this centralized bank with much support from the American public. The tenure of the bill expired in 1836 and was not renewed. The American people won and state-chartered banks along with privately developed "free banks" become vastly popular all across the country.
        During the Civil War Congress established national banks requiring the currency issued to be backed by government securities as to help trade amongst the states. The act was amended to enforce taxation of state currency while keeping the national notes tax-free.
        From the time period of 1862 until 1913 a collective of national banks joined forces under the National Banking Act of 1863 due to various financial scares such as the bank panic of 1907. A congressional investigation was carried out by Republican Senator Nelson Aldrich to find a solution to secure the nation's economy. The first step in this effort was the National Monetary Commission, headed by Nelson Aldrich himself. The mission statement was simple, to find a path to banking reform. Senator Aldrich set up two divisions within the commission, one to the study the American banking system and another to study various European banking systems. Aldrich became fond of the German centralized bank and brought back with him to America the general concept of a federalized central banking system. Of course there were many dissenters of this bill and it did not seem to have a chance of passing through Congress until Senator Aldrich, with the help of a few notable financiers came up with a plan, which was hatched in secrecy. The mentioned financiers included such executives as Frank Vanderlip, president of National City Bank (Rockefeller funded), Henry Davison, senior partner of J. P. Morgan & Company, Charles D. Norton, president of First National Bank of New York, and Colonel Edward House, future advisor to Wilson and founder of the Council on Foreign Relations. Paul Warburg, German banker extraordinaire and representative of Kuhn, Loeb & Company, led the discussions and helped draft the secretive plan. They met on the private Jeckyll Island off the southern tip of Georgia. Held up for 10 days, these powerful men devised a plan for our nation's economic future with only one elected official (Senator Aldrich) taking part in the molding thereof.
        The Aldrich Bill, partly drafted and fully sponsored by Senator Aldrich, was put before Congress and failed to pass. This minor defeat did not stop Senator Aldrich's plan to create the first privately owned central bank in American history. Appeasing Congress Aldrich made a few changes to the bill in order for it to be deemed acceptable. Congress with the help of newly elected president Woodrow Wilson passed the Aldrich Bill as the Federal Reserve Act of 1913, giving away the power of Congress to coin money.
        This bill much like the two before it did not set well with the American people and rural bankers. Many claimed the bill gave too much power and influence to the banking elite and eastern banking systems. Supporters of the new bill claimed it took away the power the New York bankers possessed over the currency, when in fact it was those same bankers who had helped draft the bill.
        When President Warren Harding took office after defeating Woodrow Wilson in the 1920 election he brought to office with him a time of great economic prosperity also known as the "roaring twenties". This expansion of wealth was due to the Federal Reserve's experiment with what was called "debt-money", money the Federal Reserve had loaned the country during World War 1. To make matters worse for our national debt Fractional Reserve Banking made it possible for the Federal Reserve to increase money supply by 61% over the course of three years, lowering the value of currency unknowingly to the public but making the notes more readily available to all. With this rise in the amount of currency came a rise in banking loans and stock market interests. The economy seemed to be booming to the public but one thing they failed to realize was with more notes comes less value for the dollar. This provided an opportunity for the Fed. to convert to a monetary policy of open market operations and the ability to purchase large government bonds through scare tactics of a threatening recession.
        Now flash forward to August of 1929, through the continuous buying of government bonds America's money supply began to tighten. With this insider perspective many of America's big banking moguls began to divest in the stock market and converted much of their wealth to cash and gold in order to keep their personal worth. While other stock holders on Wall Street placed 24-hour "call loans" forcing them to sell their stocks at only a fraction of above the loan not making much profit. The stock market then began to collapse and crashed on what is now known as "Black Thursday" resulting to a very dark time for America know as the Great Depression.
        On March 9^th, 1933 President Franklin Roosevelt enacted the Emergency Banking Act (48 Stat. 1, Public law 89-719) declaring the federal government of the United States bankrupt and insolvent. Subsequently Congress enacted HJR 192 making all debts, public and private alike, no longer payable in gold replacing it with the un-backed Federal Reserve note. Ever since June 5^th, 1933 (the date HJR 192 was enacted) the Federal Reserve note otherwise known as the dollar bill has become the legal tender for the United States although it has no true value. Why does the dollar bill not have any true value you ask?
        The gold was confiscated from the American people and government. As demanded by the Federal Reserve President Roosevelt issued presidential order 6102 on April 5^th, 1933 that ordered all American citizens to give all their gold coins, gold bullion, and gold certificates to the various Federal Reserve banks all through out the country by April 28, 1933. Anyone who violated to corrupt the presidential order would be fined up to $10,000 or face up to ten years in jail. In some cases the violators faced both depending on the amount of gold still in their possession. This is shocking because Americans were being forced to turn over their hard earned private property! Shortly after receiving the gold stolen from the citizens of this country the Federal Reserve offered and sold the gold to non-U.S. citizens and foreign interests for $35 an ounce an amount that was well over what an ounce of gold was worth at that time! Since then the government has been allowed to keep this cycle going, by continuing to pay this interest owed to the Federal Reserve by the means of taxing the American people's labor! This is taken care of by the Federal Income Tax and the Federal Reserve's own collecting and policing agency, the Internal Revenue Service (the IRS).

THE UNCONSTITUTIONALITY OF THE FEDERAL RESERVE: